Market segmentation in the airline industry Essay

Market division in the aircraft business - Essay Example This examination will start with the explanation that accomplishment in showcasing can be accomplished by coordinating the authoritative capacities with the necessities of the commercial center. This coordinating depends on showcase division. Market and their portions are groups of expected clients. Market division is a proactive procedure which includes the use of logical methods. Market division has been characterized as the way toward partitioning the absolute market into various littler, progressively homogeneous submarkets, named showcase fragments. A heterogeneous gathering of clients is assembled into homogeneous gatherings or fragments. Every one of these portions requires an alternate showcasing blend to support their necessities. The idea of division easily falls into place for individuals. This order decreases vulnerability and streamlines techniques. This very standard, when applied to advertising, is known as market division, which assists with bringing together gatherin gs of customers. The market must be first characterized in quite a while of the product’s end clients and their needs. It is then partitioned into different gatherings as indicated by various qualities. To arrive at the clients in the best way, advertise division can be founded on general factors like socioeconomics, financial, topographical, or psychographic. While socioeconomics take a gander at the general qualities of the age, pay, instruction, and occupation, psychographic variable digs further into people’s ways of life and perspectives.

Want and Marginal Places Free Essays

The Value of Marginal Places In the exposition â€Å"In Praise of Margins† by Ian Frazier, Frazier specifies that the world is where grown-ups will in general become involved with. They don't understand that what they need is that spot to breath. He says that negligible spots and exercises, when he was a child, were an exercise in futility, yet once he was more established and saw his kid have their peripheral â€Å"moment† playing, in the steam as opposed to angling, he understands the significance as a grown-up. We will compose a custom exposition test on Need and Marginal Places or then again any comparable point just for you Request Now He makes reference to that we as a whole have a spot as a youngster that we might want to return and let go of every one of our obligations. Frazier utilizes the word edge, this word Frazier utilizes, has a negative and positive tone and he clarifies the time spent in the forested areas. Frazier states that the meaning of edge is a clear space around an assortment of type or fringe of a bit of ground. It’s modifier significance has a negative tone to it; insignificant for prerequisites, practically deficient. As Frazier utilizes negligible to depict what he did in the forested areas as a kid, he grew up to acknowledge how significant these â€Å"marginal† places had so much worth. As a little youngster Frazier, specifies â€Å"the woods† as spots where he and his companions would play at throughout the day. Investigating and conceivably be lost in the long stretches of fun they would have advertisement in particular, no concerns. Investigating things as they go playing along the trees, possibly being a type of character or activity saint from his time. As Frazier got somewhat more established he one day understood that his time spent in the forested areas was getting adolescent and stupid. He in the long run quit heading off to this spot, as a kid was practically similar to an asylum or a position of acknowledgment to be him-self uninhibitedly. When Frazier was in the seventh grade he came to asked himself â€Å"What would you say you are doing? † or possibly â€Å"why we are here? † He sees that a portion of his companions began to not dress fittingly to climb trees and play in light of the penny loafers the wore. I am certain this was for the young ladies they were attempting to intrigue as they get more seasoned. As they had different things occurring in life that limited them from going in to the forested areas, and some way or another overlooked it they actually never chose to return and play. Be that as it may, from my comprehension, in secondary school they returned to the forested areas one day, where they had this feeling of ‘’there is nothing here for us anymore† or â€Å"why did we burn through our time here as kids†. I am certain secondary school, young ladies and school moves had the recollections of â€Å"the woods† blurred somewhere down in their memory. They understood that they are altogether grown up and have no should be there. Frazier more likely than not suspected of all the silly things they did being in the forested areas for a considerable length of time, simply sitting around idly that they didn't know about or care for in light of the fact that they were youngsters. I mean they didn’t have duties as kids they didn’t need to work and take of others. I surmise that was the beneficial thing about minor spots. For Frazier, when we took his kids to go angling, they kind of would not like to go angling and rather played in a dump. Frazier didn't show at least a bit of kindness to advise them to stop; rather he understood this was a minimal spot his kids will one day grow up handed this dump over into a minor spot. Much the same as when Frazier was a kid and didn't have a clue about this was a minor spot he sees that with his children, and understands the benefit of having a minimal escape. As I would like to think, I concur with Frazier’s thoughts that â€Å"marginal† exercises and places are significant. Negligible spots are additionally a method of improving oneself an individual. It’s a spot to think and unwind from the worlds’ needs and needs. Of the considerable number of spots on the planet everyone has their own negligible zone. Mine so happens to be at Fontainebleau State Park in Mandeville, Louisiana. As a kid my folks would get together the vehicle and head over the lake each Saturday if the climate allowed. This spot had a pool, strolling trail, grill pits and above all a sea shore, not a five star sea shore but rather to a multi year old it was. I would stroll along the shore where the water would meet the trees and I would imagine it was unfamiliar land. I despite everything return right up 'til the present time, month to month it’s still a similar inclination I get, a much needed refresher. This is the thing that Frazier needs individuals to think about having minor places and doing exercises, they are not awful places, everybody needs a break from the a world that moves at quick pace. In Conclusion Frazier needs individuals to realize that having a touch of uninterrupted alone time is alright. Everybody has a getaway, regardless of whether in the event that it is an old spot as a child, an animation you use to watch or even the music you use to tune in to. Minor doesn't need to be in a negative use. Now and again like Frazier it really was ideal, kind of practically like a re-assessment of life and I am certain he doesn’t lament playing in the forested areas as a youngster by any stretch of the imagination. Ian Frazier looks to the forested areas as a sheltered and glad spot. I am certain he needs us to recollect the negligible spot we had as kids moreover. Step by step instructions to refer to Want and Marginal Places, Essay models

Vancouver

Vancouver Vancouver, city (1990 pop. 46,380), seat of Clark co., SW Wash., on the Columbia River opposite Portland , Oreg., with which it is connected by bridges; inc. 1857. A rapidly growing suburb of Portland and an important deepwater port, it has an extensive shipping industry, many lumber mills, and an enormous grain elevator. Power from the nearby Bonneville Dam supplies its industries; manufactures include adhesives; sheet metal; industrial gases; electrical, communications, and transportation equipment; metal, wood, paper, and plastic products; mining machinery; ships; and clothing. The city was founded by the Hudson's Bay Company as Fort Vancouver in 1825â€"26 (see McLoughlin, John ). After the area was ceded to the United States in 1846, the U.S. army established (1849) a fort there, which remains in operation. Vancouver has an art gallery and a sports stadium. It is also the headquarters for Gifford Pinchot National Forest. Historic attractions include Fort Vancouver National Historic Site (see National Parks and Monuments , table); Covington House (1845), one of the oldest houses in the state; and the Ulysses S. Grant house and museum. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. Political Geography

Creon And Antigone Character Analysis - 1538 Words

The characters Creon and Antigone, from Sophocles’ Antigone, act as cautionary figures for the audience as they warn against the intense belief in and dedication to a single perspective, as doing so leads to a certain lack of malleability that is detrimental to maintaining a fully functioning society. The onlookers of this play, the Athenian people, come to naturally notice the benefits of remaining within the middle ground between beliefs such as those that Creon and Antigone stood for. The unfortunate events that follow these characters actions accentuate the need for balance between the two components that influence societal laws; these elements become understood as the heavenly or divine laws of the gods, and the written or state laws†¦show more content†¦This new leader declares his belief that regardless of the motivation and logic behind a leaders decrees, regardless of its relation to tyranny, any form of objection is unacceptable. In the eyes of Creon a small act of defiance, unconcerned with the reason, is one step to close to total anarchy and destruction of the state. This dramatic emphasis on this ties directly to the decision that Creon makes later on when he ultimately chooses to make an example out of Antigone. Rather than putting Antigone to death in the way that a common criminal would be, Creon states, â€Å"I’ll take her off the beaten track, where no one’s around, and I’ll bury her alive underground, in a grave of stone,† (Sophocles 773-774). Creon finds himself willing to take direct action to bring justice to Antigone and plans to do so in a rather gruesome and memorable way. The authority of the state identifies with the authority of the patriarch. If one is upheld, then the other must be as well. Creon does not know any better than this and discredits all claims that might persuade him otherwise. Antigone portrays the same issue of unconditional support to a specific viewpoint; however, she lies on the side of the argument as Creon. Her dedication to the divine and moral laws that she naturally feels guided by completely take over all of her actions and thoughts throughout the play. In response to the law Creon has made, Antigone argues: I neverShow MoreRelatedCharacter Analysis of Antigone and Creon in William Shakespeare ´s Antigone1144 Words   |  5 PagesAntigone and Creon, the two displayed tragic figures of Antigone, both led themselves to their demise because of their love for themselves and the hate they both share for one another. Antigone’s proven love is of the afterlife while her hate is for her uncle and king, Creon. Creon may share the love of himself, however, it is not quite the same as Antigone’s love. Creon loves to rule the city of Thebes and hate’s Antigone, which is very odd for both characters because they are family. SophoclesRead MoreJustification of Creon in Antigone by Sophocles Essay994 Words   |  4 PagesJustification of Creon in Antigone by Sophocles Antigone is a tragic play written by Sophocles in about 441b.c. The play is a continuation of the curse put upon the household of Oedipus Rex. Sophocles actually wrote this play before he wrote Oedipus, but it follows Oedipus in chronological order. The story of Antigone begins after the departure of Oedipus, the king of Thebes, into self-exile. Oedipus’ two sons, Eteocles and Polyneices, were left to rule over Thebes. An argument over rightsRead MoreAntigone Character Analysis1422 Words   |  6 Pages Antigone, the final play in a series including Oedipus Rex by Sophocles, discusses the ideas of leadership, family, and choices. It features two central characters: Antigone, a girl who chooses to illegally bury her brother, and Creon, a king who decrees the burial of the brother to be illegal. Upon the first encounter of the text, it appears that Antigone is the â€Å"hero† of the play, but on further analysis, one realizes that the tragic hero, as defined by A ristotle, is actually Creon. The ideaRead MoreGender Roles In Antigone1547 Words   |  7 PagesIn Sophocles’ Antigone, gender roles are a major conflicting theme throughout the entire play. The setting of the play was written during the Greek mythological days, around 442 B.C. During these days, men were dominant and held all of the power, so women were automatically treated as less. Antigone and Creon portray the conflicting sides between male and female, and Ismene and Haemon portray opposing sides to Antigone and Creon’s actions. Antigone, Ismene, Creon, and Haemon each show differencesRead MoreAntigone Feminist Analysis1622 Words   |  7 PagesAntigone, a Greek tragedy pertaining to the events following the deaths of Eteocles and Polynices, Oedipus’ sons, due to a conflict over power. Upon the death of both children their uncle Creon takes the throne of Thebes for himself and declares Polynices a traitor to the state and withheld his burial rights from him. Antigone choose to disobe y Creon’s decree and bury her bother. Sophocles’ play has been a long treasure piece of literature throughout the ages; sparking many papers and debates fromRead MoreAntigone : Human Law Vs. Divine Law1418 Words   |  6 PagesNovember 2016 Antigone: Human Law vs. Divine Law The most prominent theme in â€Å"Antigone† by Sophocles is the conflict of divine law vs. human law; it is the driving force behind the entire play. It is an issue of which law is the right law, and if Creon s and Antigone s acts were justifiable. It is also a question of what motivates them both to act as they do and if they were predestined to their fates due to their ties to a doomed family. There is also a significance of which character is inRead MoreBiography of Sophocles Essay1496 Words   |  6 Pagesthe more effective portrayal of character by contrast and juxtaposition; and he changed the Aeschylean fashion of composing plays in groups of three, each of them part of a central myth or theme, and made each play an independent psychological and dramatic unity (Babette 2). In his lifetime, Sophocles composed more than one hundred plays, of which seven complete tragedies and fragments of eighty or ninety others are preserved. Of the complete works available, Antigone, Oedipus Tryannus (Oedipus Rex)Read MoreThe Endings Of Sophocles Antigone919 Words   |  4 Pagesthe endings of Sophocles Antigone and Anne Carson s Antigonick convey contrasting ideas of the power of fate, and its role in tragedy. In Antigone, fate is described as an inevitable, insurmountable aspect of life that cannot be avoided. On the other hand, Antigonick shows fate to be a malleable product which can be controlled by the decisions individuals take in their lives. Through the role of the chorus, the addition of Nick, and the catharses of the characters, Carson shows that fate isRead MoreThe Conflict Between Antigone And Creon1353 Words   |  6 PagesSophocles’ play Antigone told the story of a young woman, Antigone, who was willing to violate the law for her family. In the play, Antigone’s brothers, Eteocles and Polynices, killed each other in battle. Creon, King of Thebes, buried Eteocles’ body because he fought in defense of Thebes; however, Creon issued a decree forbidding the burial or mourning of Polynices, because he had fought against Thebes. While this play’s central plot told the story of a conflict between Antigone and Creon, due to hisRead MoreAn Interpretive Analysis On Conflicting Self Reassurance1337 Words   |  6 Pages Antigone: An Interpretive Analysis on Conflicting Self-Reassurance Antigone is a complex, yet debatable play, written by Sophocles somewhere around 442 BC. Chronologically, it is the third of the three Theban plays, but was the first to be written. In addition, Antigone was also one of the most famous tragedies ever to be written. The setting of the play is set in front of the Palace, Thebes, and Ancient Greece. Though most Greek playwrights were from Athens, their plays are

Humanistic Nursing - 8354 Words

HUMANISTIC NURSING THEORY By: MARY JOHN L. RENONG, RN August 10, 2013 Dr. Loretta Zderad Dr. Josephine Paterson I. BIOGRAPHY Josephine Paterson was born on the 1st of September of 1924 in Freeport, New York. Loretta and Josephine spent their early school years during the depression of the 1930s. Josephine G. Paterson was also learning the role of a nurse as well as work responsibilities during this same time period. She had graduated in August of 1945 with a diploma from Lenox Hill School of Nursing in New York. She finished a couple of years earlier than Loretta Zderad and within a year of WW II ending. Nine years later (1954, August) Josephine Paterson graduated†¦show more content†¦Humanistic Nursing Theory is based on the idea that nursing is an inter-subjective transactional relationship between a nurse and a patient who are human beings existing in the world. The conceptual framework of the theory is existentialism and it presents a phenomenological method of inquiry that can be used by nurses to examine and understand their everyday practice. The theory serves as a vehicle to describe the essences of everyday nursing experiences. It is an inductive approach to theory building through exploration and description. Paterson and Zderad (1988) addressed three central questions: What is the meaning of nursing? How do nurses and patients interact? How can nurses develop the knowledge base for the act of nursing? The humanistic-practice nursing theory proposes that the nurse and the patient are significant components in the nurse–patient situation. The act of caring increases the humanness of both. They both approach the situation with experiences that influence the encounter. Nurses therefore, should consider such encounters as existential experiences and should describe them from observing â€Å"the thing itself,† the phenomena of nursing as they occur in the world. They use a phenomenological perspective as the basis for a dialogue about lived experiences to uncover answers to the questions. The sum total of allShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Hum anistic Nursing1458 Words   |  6 Pagesand effective nursing practice is a combination of art and science. Both the art and science of nursing are employed when working with a patient on their health goals. The art of healing is the communicative and relationship building skills while the science of nursing is the technical skills related to the field. Throughout nursing history, theories have been developed that attempt to explain the role of the nurse. These theories often try to either explain the science or art of nursing. Some of theseRead MoreMaggi s Transcultural Nursing : A Humanistic And Scientific Area Of Formal Study And Practice792 Words   |  4 Pages2) How did you apply Leininger’s theory to this patient situation? Leininger’s Transcultural Nursing theory is defined as a humanistic and scientific area of formal study and practice in nursing that is focused on the comparative study of cultures (Denisco Barker, 2016). Transcultural nursing goal is to provide culturally specific care that is in agreement with the patient’s cultural values, beliefs, and practicies (Denisco Barker, 2016). I would apply this theory during the time with Mrs. HernandezRead MoreEvidence Based Practice For Palliative Care1157 Words   |  5 Pagespalliative care can be directly related to the hospice care. The 76th World Health Assembly emphasized strengthening of palliative care as a global focus. In their article Phillips, and Agar, (2016) review the five practices of exemplary leadership in nursing. The authors believe that World Health Assembly vision for palliative care can be implemented in real practice if nurses fallow those five practices. Each practice is reviewed and explained in this article. The practices identified as, inspire a sharedRead MoreJean Watsons Theory of Caring Essay709 Words   |  3 PagesDr. Jean Watson’s Theory: The Philosophy and Science of Caring â€Å"Caring is the essence of nursing†~Dr. Jean Watson Major Concepts of Watson’s theory: †¢ Main focus in nursing is on carative factors †¢ For nurses to develop humanistic philosophies and value sytem †¢ The caring stance that nursing has is threatened by the demands of the curative factors ( Sitzman, 2007) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- †¢ PublishedRead MoreCounseling Among All Present : End Of Life Care874 Words   |  4 PagesCare in the ICU At bedside, the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Nurse is often faced with a lived experience that is multifaceted and challenging, particularly when the patient faces certain death. ICU Nurses must be present and fully participate in humanistic holistic care encompassing the patient and their family. In 2007, the American College of Critical Care Medicine (ACCM) set out to define guidelines for patient and family centered care. Fifty-three recommendations that include a shared decision-makingRead MoreNursing As A Science And Art1439 Words   |  6 PagesQuestions to answer How nursing considered as a science and an art and discuss how the philosophy of nursing is applied to this definition. There is no contention that nursing is considered both as a science and art based on the dispensation of services to the community and patients. As a result of that, the paper seeks to explicitly elaborate the same by giving authentic distinction of why nursing is categorically classified on the two dynamics with a reflection of artistic and scientific intellectualismRead MoreWhat Makes Nursing A Profession?1656 Words   |  7 PagesNursing is a multidisciplinary profession in which caring, holism, endurance, effective patient care and patient safety are simultaneously executed. Nursing is a unique profession whereby personal experience and a personal philosophy contribute to great nursing care. In this paper, I will review my view of nursing and what makes it a unique profession. Nursing as a Profession What makes nursing a profession? Definition. According to the ANA, the requirements for nursing profession are educationRead MoreMy Experience As A Nursing1274 Words   |  6 Pagesgetting as much attention as that of nursing informatics and the technical skills of nursing; and that is the caring aspect of nursing and caring for the patient. When providing care to a patient population, the nursing professional is not just a tool used to get them from one point to another; yet, they are a fundamental aspect for reshaping the ideology of the patient through education, shared positive experiences and true hands on care (Marks, 2013). Nursing education is to be holistic; which isRead MoreJean Watson s Theory Of Caring995 Words   |  4 Pages Watson’s theory is at the center of nursing beliefs as well as important within the concept of patient centered care. This paper will analyze, evaluate the theory, and discuss an application of the theory as it applies to psychiatric nurse practitioners (PMHNP). Analysis of the Theory Jean Watson’s theory of caring stems from various psychologists and pioneering nurses such as Florence Nightingale. Watson has generated a humanistic theory approach to nursing care, which reflects upon the nursesRead MoreHospice Care : An Effective Patient And Individual Preferences At The End Of Life1185 Words   |  5 Pagesfor end of life. To further nursing education in Universities would need to incorporate this into their curriculum. For example, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) reported there is great need for improving the quality and individual preferences at the end of life. They also reported that the possible impact of the report on nursing home clinicians, patients, and families is great. According to Unroe, Ersek, and Cagle (2015), 28% of elder Americans die in nursing homes, as well as nearly 70% of

Compare or Contrast Free Essays

The City I Love Traveling is one of my favorite activities in life. But the sad truth is that I have only been to one other place besides my hometown Miami, Florida. My first adventure was to a small town in North Carolina called Liberty. We will write a custom essay sample on Compare or Contrast or any similar topic only for you Order Now Compared to Miami, there were many characteristics I was not familiarized with and were new to me. Among the many alterations the weather, the people, and the lifestyle were the ones that caught my attention the most, causing me to realize just how much I need to appreciate Miami. For starters, the weather in Liberty is completely opposite from what we are used to in Miami. Instead of walking outside sweating from head to toe and becoming completely sticky from the humidity, they experience what is known as dry heat. But besides that, the temperature also affects the seasons. For example, in fall, the leaves on the trees begin to change colors and fall off their branches. It’s quite a sad situation because the leaves are drying out, but it’s one of the many beautiful scenes my eyes could capture. In winter, temperatures drop to freezing level and snow starts to come around. People have to wear tons of jackets and sweaters to stay warm. Unlike Miami, the weather is almost always on the same temperature dial, hot. Even in the fall, it still feels like it is summer. People go to the beaches, but never get in since water temperature may be cold because of the ocean currents. In winter, temperatures start to drop, but never to a freezing point unless a strong cold front passes by. Quite frankly, I love it in Miami because the weather is always perfect for many activities. It’s really hard to leave a beautiful place like this. The people in Liberty also caught me by surprise. I expected them to be down to earth and friendly, but I was wrong! The majority of the population included plenty of whites and Mexicans. The whites though, were very racist against African Americans, Latinos, and Mexicans. Their attitudes include nothing of humility because they believe to be the best among all. They were really disrespectful and always looked at others as if they were an alien. In Miami, there is a variety of different people, but mostly Latinos take more than half of the population. I could truly say I feel accepted, because everyone down here usually gets along and typically treat one another equally. Most importantly the color of a human skin or of a family background does not keep you from being treated with respect, and that is one quality I would refuse to lose hold of. The lifestyle at Liberty compared to Miami was vapid. There was nothing to do since nothing was near. Stores were miles away and malls were nowhere to be seen or found. Neighbors were also far apart since people owned acres of land to grow crops or just to have to themselves. Club and lounges were also never heard of since not many people partied or went out to have a good time. Liberty was also a dry county. For instance, on Sundays, they weren’t permitted to hunt or purchase liquor from the stores or gas stations because Sundays are considered to be holy days. Even though it was peaceful and quiet, on the other hand, Miami was always awake with its beautiful beaches and party activities. Stores and malls are just around the corner and they vary. Clubs and lounges are always open even on Sundays and are found anywhere in Miami if anybody wants to have a great time. Miami lifestyle is just amazing and never can get boring and lame. I can always find something to do and somewhere to go to be with friends or even with the family. Even though visiting Liberty was nice, there’s no doubt that Miami is the greatest place to live in or visit if you’re from another country or state. The weather, people, and lifestyle are far from being alike, but not every state or country is the same. I liked Liberty, but Miami is the place I love as the weather is amazing, the people are respectful, and the lifestyle is full of entertainment. Miami is definitely a great place to have a fun time, but if you want to be in peace and independent then maybe you want to visit Liberty. I would definitely think twice about going to Liberty again. Miami is the place I rather be at and never would leave again unless another city is the same. How to cite Compare or Contrast, Papers

The Paradox of Synergy and Responsiveness Essay Example

The Paradox of Synergy and Responsiveness Essay The corporate realm is today made very complex by the fact that businesses are increasingly consolidated and large. This is to say that practices of creating multilayered firms in both the serve and the product industries have created business models that must depend on both large and small goals. For a large firm which holds many different types of operations, making the right decisions for how to best manage these individual units while still promoting a larger and singular identity can be a big determinant of success. This discussion is guided by the concept found in the De Wit and Meyer text, stating that such large firms must deal with the so-called Paradox of Synergy and Responsiveness. According to this paradox, it is a constant challenge for large firms to find a balance between the interest of consolidating its brand identity into a single, monolithic corporate structure and the interest in responding with sensitivity to the needs presented by individual factors. As the discussion and the selected case study example will show, individual factors such as customer orientation, financial performance and industry conditions. In the paradox between these two sometimes opposite demands, companies must often make hard decisions about how to pursue their operations. In the context of something such as the service industry, we can see that the achievement of this balance will be directly related to how a business manages its portfolio of operations. We will write a custom essay sample on The Paradox of Synergy and Responsiveness specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Paradox of Synergy and Responsiveness specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Paradox of Synergy and Responsiveness specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer For the ever-growing service industry, this causes an interesting investigation into the way that unit management can be central to an operation. The approach taken by a company in the hospitality sector of the service industry, for example, should serve as a useful illustration of how organizations approach a market shaped by the De Wit and Meyer paradox. Introduction: In our consideration of the Marriott Corporation, which is an extremely successful service sector company, we can see that the way a company moves its operational assets around will be important to its management effectiveness. According to the article entitled Marriott Corporation: The Cost of Capital, the hospitality industry has been through both very fast growth and very sharp retraction. This has been particularly true for Marriott, which seized on an era of increased tourism and hospitality investment in order to catapult to the top of the market. However, changing market realities and the increased nuance of the hospitality industry would force Marriott to consider altering its corporate structure so it could make a change to a context where it could more effectively approach hurdles distinct to individual divisions. This would be a demonstration of its responsiveness, even as synergy had been the primary guide in its initial growth. The example here, based on the discuss at hand, will remark upon the strategies regarding capital investment, stakeholder responsibility and debt management which would effectively be approached by the corporation in managing its portfolio of units. The primary avenue to be taken by Marriott in achieving the goal of managing its operational orientation would be the creation of a new department with a more refined focus on financial strategies and investment properties relating to the specific aspect of hotel management (as opposed to the real-estate operation) For the stock-holder, this would mean more directed and informed decisions as well as a relative insulation from revenue trends, making for a more stable market in times of real estate instability. Again, we can see that Marriott would be turning toward a strategy of responsiveness. Such is to say that Marriot determined to protect the value of its existing capital by establishing a circumstance in which growth and synergy could no longer be identified as the primary interest. Instead, ensuring the retention of capital at a rate justifying its debt condition, Marriott would being a new phase in its history in which hurdle rates for achieving growth would be purposefully higher. In this way, even growth would be directed from corporate HQ by responsive rather than synthetic origins. In our research, we find that the Marriot transition was not without its costs. These would make Marriott go through some real economic changes that are part of the paradox between synthesis and responsiveness. By being forced to change operational gears, Marriott would experience a decline in earnings during its period of transformation. Due to the debt challenges noted, Marriott’s bond ratings, declined to a B level according to both SP and Moody’s in the face of real estate declines, have resulted in a higher long-term expense on new bond issues for the company. One of the key ways that Marriott would deal with its debt maturities in order to afford the transition would be in its mortgage financing of its ‘trophy’ properties, which were those continually successful marquis lodging facilities there were no longer in any mortgage debt. The greatest concern to manu financial institutions in this case was the condition that Marriott’s heavy dependency on invested debt might create a scenario where it would be incapable of covering its obligations. Naturally, this is a fear which is facing so many corporations on this scale today. That shows just how relevant the paradox discussed is. That is why the Marriott example is very useful, because it would use portfolio management strategies to deal with this financial risk. Marriott would basically create a spin-off in its new management company. A spin-off is the divestment of a company in which, rather than selling off aspects of itself in poor market conditions, it distinguishes one aspect of itself to be set apart as an independent business. This independent business will take on its own structural and financial parameters while retaining branding, technology and, in some instances, access to assets, of the parent company. This would be the essential response by Marriott to the distinct obstacles created by the changing market, particularly in consideration of the corporate retraction likely due to markedly rapid corporate growth. The divestment of the company into management and real estate firms would essentially serve to unlock the company’s assets to the benefit of the stakeholder, with the stock owners particularly served by this approach. We can therefore ultimately begin to resolve that the approach taken by Marriott would be a natural outcome in consequence to its singularly high rate of growth from a synergy centered strategy and what might be characterized as its saturation of its own market. The impact would require a responsiveness in a market approach to diminishing the corporations inherency toward this rate of growth. Though we can suggest that the consequences are likely to be somewhat severe to the organization’s personnel and resource orientation in the short term, it will undoubtedly benefit the value and extent of capital usability for individual facilities, thus improving quality organization-wide. Works Cited De Wit, B. Meyer, R. (1999). Strategy Synthesis. International Thomson Business. Ruback, R. S. (1998). Marriot Corp. : The Cost of Capital. Harvard Business Publishing.

Computer Analysis Lab 2 Essay

Computer Analysis Lab 2 Essay Computer Analysis Lab 2 Essay Janel Paffie TB143 Unit 2 1. Computer Analysis Hard Drive Capacity RAM Processor Speed Special Features Price HP Pavilion Desktop AMD A8 Series 2000GB 8GB 2.0Ghz Built-in Wireless network $499.99 Dell Inspiron Desktop-Intel Core i3 1000GB 8GB 3.6Ghz Built-in Wireless network; Bluetooth; HDMI output $479.99 HP-15.6† Touch-Screen Laptop Intel Core i3 750GB 6GB 1.9Ghz Touchscreen; HDMI output $399.99 Toshiba-Satellite 15.6† Laptop Intel Celeron 500GB 4GB 2.58Ghz Bluetooth; HDMI output $229.99 2. Profession and Computers Movie Maker: This profession requires a computer capable of handling a memory-busting workload. Fast, sufficient memory, and the latest graphics and audio cards are necessary to support the real-time media work. In order to run software needed at a reasonable level, make sure to have a large enough hard drive (over 160GB), plenty of RAM (more than 4GB), and a quality sound card. Professional Gamer: Desktops are the best bet for gaming. Fast processors and video cards consume tons of power and produce tons of heat, which is handled better by a desktop. A quad-core processor is recommended due to the rise of modern games making use of additional cores. For smooth graphics and a more immersive experience you will want a fast video card. The processor and video card are of equal importance. Majority of games will run on 4GB of RAM, but 8GB is recommended. To help with load times, a solid-state drive with over 200GB of storage is advised. Digital

Relative Clauses - Definition and Examples in English

Relative Clauses s in English A relative clause is a  clause that usually modifies a noun or noun phrase and is introduced by a relative pronoun (which, that, who, whom, whose), a relative adverb (where, when, why), or a zero relative. Also known as an adjective clause, an adjectival clause, and a  relative construction. A relative clause is a postmodifierthat is, it follows the noun or noun phrase it modifies. Relative clauses are traditionally divided into two types: restrictive and nonrestrictive. See Examples and Observations below. RelativizationContact ClauseDependent ClauseFree (Nominal) Relative ClauseRelative Pronouns and Adjective ClausesRestrictive and Nonrestrictive Adjective ClausesSentence Building With Adjective ClausesSubordination With Adjective ClausesThat-ClauseWh-ClauseWho, Which, and ThatWho and WhomWh- Words Examples and Observations It is not the employer who pays the wages. Employers only handle the money. It is the customer who pays the wages.100% of the people who give 110% do not understand math.More than 840,000 Vietnamese asylum seekers left the Communist regime and arrived in the countries of Southeast Asia and Hong Kong. These people, who came to be known as the boat people, risked their lives at sea in search for freedom.She had plenty of acquaintances, but no friends. Very few people whom she met were significant to her. They seemed part of a herd, undistinguished.Occasionally Mother, whom we seldom saw in the house, had us meet her at Louies. It was a long dark tavern at the end of the bridge near our school.The fatal metaphor of progress, which means leaving things behind us, has utterly obscured the real idea of growth, which means leaving things inside us.Peace is not merely a distant goal that we seek, but a means by which we arrive at that goal. Positioning Relative ClausesUnlike prepositional phrases, restrictive relative clauses . . . always modify noun phrases. However, a relative clause doesnt always immediately follow the noun phrase that it modifies. For example, if two relative clauses are joined by a coordinating conjunction (and, or, or but), then the second one doesnt immediately follow the noun phrase that it modifies: This article describes features that facilitate collaboration but that are not intended to increase security. Anaphoric Elements in Relative ClausesRelative clauses are so called because they are related by their form to an antecedent. They contain within their structure an anaphoric element whose interpretation is determined by the antecedent. This anaphoric element may be overt or covert. In the overt case the relative clause is marked by the presence of one of the relative words who, whom, whose, which, etc., as or within the initial constituent: clauses of this type we call wh relatives. In non-wh relatives the anaphoric element is covert, a gap; this class is then subdivided into that relatives and bare relatives depending on the presence or absence of that. Sentence Relative ClausesSentence relative clauses refer back to the whole clause or sentence, not just to one noun. They always go at the end of the clause or sentence.Tina admires the Prime Minister, which surprises me. ( and this surprises me)He never admits his mistakes, which is extremely annoying. ( and this is extremely annoying) Sources Henry Ford Demtri  Martin,  This Is a Book. Grand Central, 2011 Tai Van Nguyen,  The Storm of Our Lives: A Vietnamese Familys Boat Journey to Freedom. McFarland, 2009 D.H. Lawrence,  The Rainbow, 1915 Maya Angelou,  I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. Random House, 1969 G.K. Chesterton, The Romance of Rhyme, 1920 Martin Luther King, Jr. John R. Kohl,  The Global English Style Guide: Writing Clear, Translatable Documentation for a Global Market. SAS Institute, 2008 Rodney Huddleston and Geoffrey Pullum,  The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge University Press, 2002 Geoffrey Leech, Benita Cruickshank, and Roz Ivanic,  An A-Z of English Grammar Usage, 2nd ed. Pearson, 2001

Generations of winter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Generations of winter - Essay Example Boris Nikitovich Gradov, who is not only the head of the family but a kind patriarch. Dr. Boris is one of the finest surgeons in all of Moscow. His caliber was unprecedented. As a consequence of his expertise and services to the nation, he and his family owned Silver Forest, which was an amazing dacha located outside Moscow that was very different from the everyday crowd of Kremlin. Till the 1930s, they lived as bourgeois counterparts would have will the regime was taken by the Bolsheviks.1 There was no sense to things in the world of Stalin. Anxiety and apprehensiveness prevailed the country. The Government would randomly strike on the population any time they want to and wish to and thus, the nation had no idea how to react. The intelligentsia, military, and general population had no power. The nation was splurged by terrorism and hopelessness. Terrorism was destroying the nation by any means possible. Terrorists were harming the people of the country themselves. It was precluding the people to succeed in life. Nikita examines the devastating condition of the country in the harshly ironic tone that encompasses the novel. Nikita illustrates the condition of millions of people of that era who were in a silent agreement with each other that an awful thing is happening that is nothing is happening in the nation. There is no progress being made. 2 A person is left scared by reading the novel as nobody has the slightest idea that who dies in the concentration camp or not. It is the arbitrariness of the novel that it does not say much about its ending and where it is taking the readers. It keeps the readers glued to it without saying much or almost nothing. The anxiety of the people, the state brutality which is completely pointless and violent artistry keeps the reader glued to the book. The Kafkaesque’s era was a time of brutality off course. The images of camp life and also tormenting chambers of N.K.V.D are also very traumatic and distressing. When World War II begins, we are relieved that at least now there is a relief that the conflict has become localized and is not global. The frightening view of sufferings of human life is unclearly understandable as Aksyonov described it. 3 The character of Nina is also very prominent in the novel as it tells about the pretentiousness of Soviet Union. As Aksyonov wrote it disdainfully, â€Å"The literature of socialist realism was in full flower; Formalism had already been completely rooted out. Soviet poets, playwrights and novelists had been gathered up in a single union and were vigorously turning out the works the people needed†.4 The novel Generations of Winter is embedded with Russian poetry throughout the book. Nina plays an important role as the Soviet literary scene is described by her in detail. All the poets and quotations are a benevolence of Nina in the play. The novelist admires the efforts by these poets as his writing depicts. One of the most touching scene of the novel occurs in his mother’s journal in the reunion of mother and son and thus the profound connection between the two is revealed. This connection is the Russian poetry. But, it is unlucky that the allusive character of this novel is lost when it is translated. 5 Mr. Vassily Aksyonov has never been an easy writer to translate because he appreciates slang language and likes to pursue many articulation clashes. The translators of Generations of Wi

The evaluation of the consequence to the UK economy for raising or Dissertation

The evaluation of the consequence to the UK economy for raising or lowering the inheritance tax rate - Dissertation Example Taxes are considered as the main revenue source of governments. The evolution of imposing taxes dates back during periods when most governments lack stability and structure. The main purpose of imposing taxes is to fund public spending and is supported by laws and statutes. In most countries, taxes are imposed on revenues obtained by firms and earning individuals. Other forms of taxes such as tariffs, and dues have further expanded the revenue generation activities of governments. The role that taxation plays is critical especially economies that are dependent on taxes. The imposition of taxes is also viewed as one of the ways that balances wealth inequity in countries and ensure better provision of social services. Income taxes serve as the main contributor to the total tax collections made by governments. But other forms of taxes such as sin taxes and estate taxes are also contributing to the coffers of governments. Inheritance taxes have become a popular form of tax in recent times because individuals have learned to invest in both properties and securities. The transfer of wealth because of death provides opportunities for the government to gain more revenues. The existence of inheritance taxes has been subjected to several debates in the United Kingdom. The past three administrations have been also contemplating on reforming the inheritance tax laws. The budget of the government is highly dependent on the amount of tax collected each year. There are countries that develop new taxes just to meet collection targets and prevent the states from running on a budget deficit. The succeeding discussions will tackle the impact of inheritance tax in an economy specifically focusing on macro-economic indicators and statistics. 1.1. Objectives of the Study The primary purpose of the dissertation is to explore on the effects of the increase

Social Interaction Activities In Public Spaces Cultural Studies Essay

Social Interaction Activities In Public Spaces Cultural Studies Essay These public spaces are used for various activities based on which the activities can be divided into necessary activities, optional activities, and social activities. Necessary activities include those, which are more or less compulsory going to school or work, shopping, going to supermarkets, waiting at bus stops or waiting for a person, running errands, distributing mails- in other words, all activities in which those involved are to a greater or lesser degree required to participate. In general, all everyday activities and pastimes are included in this group. The major activities included are most walking related ones. As these activities are necessary ones and will take place throughout the year, under nearly all conditions, and are more or less independent of the exterior environment. The participants have no choice. Optional activities this category includes such activities as taking a walk to get a breath of fresh air, standing around enjoying life, or sitting and sunbathing. These activities can only take place when the weather conditions are favorable. This relationship is particularly important in connection with physical planning because most of the recreational activities that are pleasant to pursue outdoors are found precisely in this category. These activities are especially dependent on exterior physical conditions. Social activities are those that depend on the presence of others in the public spaces. Social activities may include children at play, people greeting each other, a lot of communal activities. Simply seeing and talking to each other are also included in this category. Public spaces are of vital importance because they shape peoples experience about understanding the city and of the culture. They become the citys identity. Lawrence halprin describes this process: our collective perception of cities depends on the landscape of open spaces. In our imagination of cities it is these open spaces that we remember. They are the places where people congregate to walk and shop and picnic, to play and bicycle and drive. It is these places that we use and in which we encounter each other and participate in that communal life we call city. ( Halprin, 1981, p.4) This is a result of the way people use the city, the way they commute or travel around the city, the placement of major civic and public institutions, social and gathering spaces, ceremonial spaces, location of significant public events, and spaces for recreation and leisure. These places are an expression of the public culture of a city like the way pubic institutions are. They demonstrate the relationship between the state and the citizens and express the cultures urban values. Pubic space plays an important role in the citys social and environmental life. Public space is often mistaken as the space between two buildings or, merely the all the remaining spaces and street corners. Initially no thought was given to the planning of public spaces, buildings were considered more important. After placing all the structures and important buildings the remaining area was converted to public space. Buildings were considered as the life of cities and were made iconic. Lot of money, manpower and energy was spent in the make of an iconic structure. But an iconic building cant make a city iconic. What makes a city iconic are its public and open spaces and when these public spaces are actively used by people they add to the additional value. A public space is named public because of the people using it. It belongs to the public of that area or city. Everyone are free to use it and dont have to pay any entrance fee to use or access it. It is a place where people from all caste, culture, religion and age can come, sit or take advantage of. I believe that public space should be a place for everyone and that a place should not be defined by its designer, but by its user. Currently many public spaces are impersonal with little thought into the facilities offered for the people who use it. If local people do not feel connected to a place it decays and social interaction around the place is lost. The aim is to create engaging places; increases the enjoyment people have in those spaces; or add something to existing locations in order to encourage a positive response to that space where people interact with the environment and with each other. Elements of a public space. Any public space gets affected by a number of factors. There are reasons why a particular space is formed or you may say redesigned. Some spaces such as public squares or plazas were formed in the early 18th or early 19th century due to the revolution taking place. The main purpose behind creating these public spaces was that people could gather here during times of trouble or any event. Also these squares were centrally located so people could access them from anywhere plus they represented the citys history, culture and became iconic sites of the cities. They became one of the most visited tourist destinations. The centre square mostly contained important art or statues of the person responsible for the cities reform and formation. Some of them were formed due to the political scene of the city. During election times some party made some good public spaces. Some public spaces like street markets, parks, centre squares were formed or designed taken into account the citys social and cultural scene. While some of street markets were just formed by the local people or the community living there marking the culture of the space. Some spaces were just formed due to the citys demands and needs. Other factors which affect or make a public space are streets, climate, interaction, furniture, shopping, culture, playfulness, rallys, religions, money, demonstrations, events, material, health, legislation, policies, law and order, housing schemes, security, environment, crime scenes, government policies, art, architecture, construction details, local community and last but not the least people. In short the main factors which affect any public space are listed below: Political: mostly during countries reform or some election events and rallys Economic: the countries development affects its public space. Developed countries have different public spaces whereas developing ones have a different notion and atmosphere of public space. Cultural: the countries culture affects the public space the most. Its mostly reflected in the appearance of the public space. Social: the people living there are to ones which make their public spaces. Its said that people space their space and then in return the space shapes the people around. London as a cultural hub. From being home to many national treasures, museums, libraries, galleries and universities, London is also a centre for global and contemporary culture. London attracts many visitors for its popular and creative culture and also for its interactive informal exciting spaces. For example, you will see artists plating live music in most of the underground stations, theres live music going at Camden markets and other street markets. Also many stores and bookshops keep on holding any events and fares to attract customers. Its a city which makes peoples visit even more interesting, interactive, fun and makes every visit of theirs worthwhile. When compared to the other cities around the world, London leads with an impressive count. London is the largest city in Europe, with a dramatic variation of people from all ages and cultures offering a huge amount of design opportunities. Population of London is approximately 7 million. London has a diverse range of population, which comprises people from Asia, China, and Europe and also from the states. London also shows diversity in age of this population. You find young school going children, to university graduates, mid age office crowd and also a large number of old retired people. Also you will find a number of school, colleges, universities spread all around London. Because of which it has become a hub for students and learning. Also many international companies have their headquarters here, which make it business hub. The political scene in London appears to be quite stable. Thus all the above factors like, diverse culture, economic opportunities, age ratio, political stability, have made a huge impact on the public life and public places. Table 1.1 major cultural indicators (source: cultural audit, 2009) Indicator London New York Paris Shanghai Tokyo No. Of public galleries 92 N/A 59 6 40 No. Of specialist art HE institutions 12 7 3 15 N/A No. Of national museums 22 16 19 6 8 No. Of other museums 162 85 138 100 71 UNESCO world heritage sites 4 1 2 0 0 No. Of public libraries 395 255 303 248 369 Table 1.2 creative industries indicators ( source: cultural audit, 2009) Indicator London New York Paris Shanghai Tokyo No. Of music venues 400 151 122 148 132 Music performances per year 32.292 22,204 3612 11,736 7419 Theatrical performances per yr 17,295 12,045 15,598 3117 8281 No. Of theatres concert halls 215 111 158 137 132 No. Of cinemas 105 264 88 49 105 No. Of bookshops 927 498 1,076 300 N/A No. Of nightclubs, discos etc 306 279 277 N/A N/A No. O festivals. 200 81 40 22 N/A Social interaction: important element of public spaces. They are our streetscapes and promenades According to us gardens, parks, squares are all the spaces that make a public space. This belief is not incorrect but has to transform. We need to widen our views and think of the bigger picture. We conveniently forget about the streets, paths and the roads on which we travel everyday or rather use daily. We dont consider the above ones as public spaces, but if looked in detailed these are the ones, which are used publicly the most. We dont appreciate but these spaces offer a great deal to our lives than any other spaces. These streets and pathways is where maximum interaction takes place. Meeting people, talking to each other, greeting one another, flirting, talking over the phone while waiting for the bus, queuing at he bus stop, all these activities leads to interaction and takes place on the streets, pathway, and bus stops which we generally use for walking, travelling and to reach out to our final destination. All we expect from these connecting spaces is a flat paved area to walk on, a dustbin, sometimes a bench to sit to munch on a sandwich or sip coffee. A place where maximum interaction takes place offers us very little in terms of services and activities. All the attention is mostly given to the redesigning and improvement of parks, squares and the everyday active streets and pathways are always neglected. These spaces have always been overlooked and taken granted for. The streets and pathways become like a lunch place for those who dont have time to go to a restaurant and for those whos lunch just comprises of grabbing a sandwich and eating on the streets or the bus stops. Even with many coffee shops or restaurant options we still like to munch on the noisy streets or sip coffee looking at the people pass by. The main reason behind this is that we love people, we like to watch people, we like interaction. Even though we eat alone on the streets the sense of people being around makes us feel less lonely. Generally, these spaces whish are used daily have been neglected by the government and remain unimproved. Its the local community or some private organizations or simply the people residing in the nearby areas, which come ahead and make arrangements to make these spaces better. They make a sincere effort to convert these unpleasant under walks to cleaner, brighter and fresher places. Pleasant spaces that make our daily commuting journey memorable. Same way if the government looked into this matter and offered more to people using them, it would not only make our journey pleasant but also would make it healthier. For example, if the streets and pathways are made better by putting new paving, made wider, installed with street furniture where people can sit, talk with each other, munch a sandwich or sip coffee, it would encourage people to walk down the corner or use cycles instead of cars for shorter distance, in a way also helping in a healthier, greener environment. A small change ca n make a big impact on our lives. Same way making small changes on our everyday streets and pathways can have a huge impact on our lives. They would make our journeys memorable, pleasurable and healthier. Below are some case studies where streets and pathways are considered as public spaces and redesigned taking people into account and offering them what they demand for. People are better than no people The above saying is said by an old woman counting her last breaths at a hospital bed, surrounded by a few nurses and a doctor she said people are better than no people. Even during her last few hours she wished for people, she wished someone was there at her side during her last few hours. She wished her people were there beside her to make her feel secure and comfortable. Even though she couldnt talk much she longed to see her loved ones. Just the sight of a few nurses and the doctor made her comfortable and secure even during the most dreadful moment. She said even if we arent in talking terms with some of our loved ones just a sight of them is worth it than staying alone and dying a lonely death. It applies the same way to others also, to share our happiness, to exchange the bad news in the most dreadful of all moments, in loneliness, in life and death we need people around. Even if not to share, the visual sight of people being around or just a person around makes us breathe a sign of relief. More than the need or necessity its the psychological factor because of which we long to see people or just a person around and need some physical contact. Hence more than the need, necessity and longing its the psychology and human behavior that leads us to talk to other people and interact. Socializing, communicating or meeting other people has a lot of other advantages than just the psychological factor. Firstly the good part is that we interact and talk to people, talking to other people teaches us a lot of things. We express our thoughts, our feelings, and our views. We share our happiness and sadness; we share our griefs and beliefs. They say that our happiness multiplies when sha red with someone, while our grief minuses when told to someone. Great ideas come from others, same way, talking to others, sharing views leads to some new innovation everyday. Speaking to someone we acquire knowledge about a lot of things before unknown to us, like, we learn new things about the city, about the culture, history of the city. We understand new traditions and cultures. We get to know people from diverse cultures and their ideas about life, philosophy and lifestyle. We gain knowledge about the daily happenings, city status, country status, the latest news, political and social endeavors, weather updates, season changes, news about social events, sports activities, background information and many other things. Finding out new things or getting to know about the happenings increases excitement in us. A research also shows that talking to people reduces stress and tension. Refrence. Apart from acquiring knowledge a lot of other things are also learnt from interaction, like , we laugh, we inspire, we get inspired, we share, we learn, listen, we fight, we pray, we hope and the most important thing is we care. All these emotions are very important to lead a healthy, happy and normal life. http://www.wikihow.com/Relieve-Stress http://www.essortment.com/all/stressreliefte_psh.htm http://www.tipsforpanicattacks.net/waystorelievestress.html THE DESIGN It all started with giving something more to people than they actually deserved, especially at spaces which they used daily. These spaces were not parks or gardens but spaces like the streets, pathways which people used daily to travel, walk and reach their destination. Spaces were maximum interaction takes place unintentionally and which still have the capability to give more. Spaces where maximum people are already present, and all you have to do is give them some character, some urge, some environment, some force to interact. For the same I couldnt think of a place other than a local bus stop. A bus stop is one such place, which is accessed by one and all. Its a connecting or you may say a waiting point for people going to work, children travelling to school, people going to church, people going for grocery shopping or any other social activities. Its a waiting hub for a diverse range of people. You see people from different cultures, different age groups, different communities and religion waiting for a single purpose called commuting. Where you have so many people around and waiting, why not provide some interesting features and make their wait fun? Why not create an environment which forces people to interact, to talk to each other? Thinking on the same lines, it was possible to make peoples journey more fun, more interesting and more exciting. A wait in an environment where people interact with each other without realizing they are forced to do so. For the same, the bus stop chosen was a local one called Christchurch located near the ealing broadway tube station, west London. This bus stop is on the uxbridge road and is the closest to the mall, church, tube station, shopping stores, banks etc. Plus all the buses travelling towards uxbridge make a stop here. Its the centre of all the major activities, filled with people waiting for the bus almost at any time of the day. A live survey was done at the same bus stop al day long for three consecutive days. Busiest being the morning hours from 8.00 am to 10.00 am and the evenings from 5.30 pm to 7.00 pm. The mornings and evenings at the mentioned time above you usually see a lot of office crowd, and the rest of the day specially at noon hours you meet a lot of old people. After interviewing most of the people it was found that waiting at the bus stop had been one of their major and daily activities. Specially the older people, their routine considers of going to the bus stop, then grocery store, then back to bus stop and then back home. The main reason of having this routine is meeting people at the grocery store, having some kind of interaction with at least the sales person or even with come of them at the bus stop. Inteviews HOW DID YOU COME TO THE CONCUSION FURNITURE IS BEST FOR INTERACTION. WHY FURNITURE Examples of good public spaces Millennium Park Various designers Chicago, USA (2005) Millennium Park is a massive 10-hectare project based in Chicago at a central location is a combination of art, architecture and landscape design as a single public space design. It was a 450 million dollar budget, centrally located and can be used as a public event space or even as an informal space. Its a major destination for all recreational activities. The project was created with an initial idea to create a green park to block the unattractive railway lines and car parks, which had strewn the lakefront. These tracks and car parks were seen since the city had neglected the lake and its development. A simple project, which has turned out to be the most ambitious project in USA and one of the most successful public spaces in terms of aesthetics and the use by people. A perfect park with a blend of space, form and function, which bring people together for recreation, interaction and fun contributing to a healthier life. The park has different elements designed by great architects and artists. Like at the centre of the park is a pavilion designed by Frank Gehry, which is used as an outdoor space for events, concerts and other social gatherings. It consists of a proscenium surrounded by Gehrys trademark curves of stainless steel with a large steel trellis spanning the entire auditorium. Connected to the pavilion is the first bridge project which spans from Columbus drive, linking millennium park to daley bicentennial plaza and Chicago lakefront system. Connecting all the major points, and people can take a walk through all. Another interesting element is an elliptical jellybean shaped sculpture by Artist Anish Kapoor, a graduate from University of Arts London, and his first public project in USA.its called the bean because its shape is like a bean. The elliptical jelly is inspired by the liquid mercury, and made of steel, so it reflects the city, clouds and people. Its makes us look at our feel that w e are responsible for our city, our people, and the environment we live in. Its also a way to showcase the beautiful Chicago skyline and weather with people along. Another sculpture is a crown fountain designed by artist Laume Plensa, from Spain. The fountain comprises of black granite reflecting pool, placed between two glass block towers. The glass block towers are 15.24m high and at each end of the reflecting pool. They display graphic animation videos and photos, which are constantly changing with the help of LED lights. This was one of the most notable works done by artist Laume Plensa, and is highly successful. It took about 18 million dollars to build this fountain, but the good thing is that it encouraged physical interaction between people and water. Most of the pictures and videos displayed on the tower are mostly of people from Chicago. So most of the people come to see this fountain hoping to see themselves on the tower. Its a perfect public play area, an interaction space and also an area to beat the heat during summers. Another interesting element is the garden located near the pavilion designed by the team of Kathryn Gustafson, Piet Oudolf and Robert Israel. The garden is a combination of architecture, planning and lighting. The garden contains a variety of spaces, which helps people enjoy and encourages interaction. It contains small and large spaces, pedestrian areas, pathways etc. that invites more and more people. The millennium park is a perfect blend of pavilions, bridges, parks, sculpture, and art designed by various and famous artists and architects from all around the globe. Its a park which has all activities going on, thanks to the different elements present in it, like the pavilion, the elliptical bean shaped sculpture, the fountain, garden, and the bridge. With elements all over it attracts people and encourages interaction, being a perfect communities space. Though it contains sculpture and structures been designed taking into account peoples need, citys demand, environment, atmosphere but also doesnt neglect aesthetics. USF SQUARE 3RW Architects Bergen, Norway This public space was designed by local architects called 3RW architects and is situated in the Norwegian city of Bergen. This space was initially a car park, which used to be dusty in summer, filled with puddles in rains and slippery in winter. It needed a practical solution and redesigning hence it was decided to cover the whole area with concrete surface. This plaza is used as an artist workshop and also as a restaurant. During the redesign the clients initially wanted a stepped plaza, but the architects convinced to have a sloping concrete surface. They made it as a concrete surface so that it would be rough enough and be less slippery especially during the wet icy weather. A special arrangement is made during winters, heating elements were laid under the concrete so the ice melts and can be used as a public area no matter any weather conditions. This plaza also leads to the cultural centre. Concrete was laid in a grid of 16ft X 16ft and fitted with corten steel strips to create dividers and make shallow gaps. To help make this place interesting at night fibre optics were put into two glass boxes in concrete. An architectural solution to help people use the public space any time they needed to enjoy the weather, have some recreation, interaction and fun. A space to near the water body, a calm restaurant invites many people and helps to promote social interaction. New public spaces The growth of community led projects is creating public space that has a very local and specific uses related to local needs and physical qualities and features of their local environment. Give the people something different Serpentine pavilion Kensington garden, London. Serpentine pavilion is a different kind of public space, situated in Kensington gardens in London. Kensington garden is a huge park with people visiting at all times. To make it more exciting and invite more people

One child policy of China Essay

The issue of population growth has been one of the major problems faced by world over past century. The exponential population growth, popularly termed as population explosion, has led to unprecedented rise in human population, which has numerically grown by over 4 billion to 6 billion in the last hundred years itself. This enormous growth in human numbers has spawned social and economical problems of severe complexity, especially considering the fact that most of this growth has happened in economically underdeveloped countries of Asian and African region, particularly India and China, both of whom have seen their population growing past a billion mark. Supporting such huge number of ever rising population is indeed a challenge for any country, as natural resources threaten to run short, and economic privations become a general norm. Under such circumstances, population control becomes a necessary government objective, the validity, importance and meaningfulness of which are undisputable from environmental, economic and social angels. However, population control policies have always generated controversies from humanitarian and ethical viewpoints, the most noted example of them being the population control policy of People’s Republic of China that restricts couples to having just one child (Xue, 1996). Although highly effective under China’s strict state policies, it is indeed an extreme measure that has invited criticism from all over the world because for its forceful rather than coercive implications. Issues involved As stated earlier, unchecked rise in population is indeed an invitation to complex and unmanageable problems that no nation state can handle irrespective of its size and resources. However, the issues involved with China’s one child policy are very complicated and affect some basic concepts of right to life and existence China launched its aggressive family planning scheme in mid of 1970s when suddenly its policy makers realized the dangers of a rapidly growing population that had reached one billion mark by 1980s (Smith, 1991). In the previous two decades the government had failed to take in cognizance of growing population due to stability and improvement economic conditions, availability of medical facilities, medicines and drop in child mortality. More ominously, as demographers realized, the rapid growth of population in previous decades implied that by 1980 more than half the population was approaching marriage age, which meant that even under decreasing fertility rate, the Chinese population would reach 1. 4 billion by end of the century (White, 2003). This realization launched Chinese policy makers and government in a frenetic attempt to implement some of the strictest population measures that included a one-child policy per couple to contain the population under 1. 2 billion (Richards, 1996). This draconian measure was explained and justified from various social and economical angels, one of which was arguable shortage of cultivable land (Smith, 1991). As government argued, the cultivable land per person had come down from . 20 hectare in 1949 to . 10 hectare in 1980 due to almost doubling of population in the same period and hence the ensuing crisis demanded critical measures (ibid). Moreover the state infrastructure and its capacity to support such large population, provide adequate medical and educational facilities and ensure jobs for it would become increasingly difficult. As claimed by supporters of the one child policy, the policy was merely concerned with providing economic incentives and preferential treatment to families with one child such as paid pregnancy leave, lucrative salary bonus, and state sponsored or free educational and medical facilities, facilities that families with more than one child lack. Further disincentives created for larger families include financial penalty on birth of second and third child that are respectively 20 and 30 percent of the annual income of the family (Richards, 1996). The policy was tooth and nail opposed by a large proportion of Chinese people, and especially by those in rural areas but government decided to continue with it seeing its possible benefit in controlling the population question. One of the main problems disturbing Chinese leaders was China’s low GNP and very simple calculations showed them that to increase GNP in the longer run, they required to reduce or contain the number of people, which was the easy way against the hard route that involved working towards increasing the economic output (Feng, 1996). Containing population growth was presented was the single panacea that could increase per capita income, help achieve modernization plans, give impetus to the economy and solve the problem of additional resource requirements that rising population presented (Feng, 1996). The one child policy is considered officially successful and instrumental in significantly reducing birth rates, fertility rates, growth rates and death rates and its expected that soon the population would began to decline at a faster rate as children born after the implementation of the policy would have less desire to have a family of more than one child (Richards). Also to wash off its hand from the negative effect of the policy, such as increased number of female feticide, and suicides among Chinese females, the government insistently attributed them to backward and obsolete Chinese culture and customs. Conclusion Despite the claims of the supporters and the official government, it cannot be denied that the very concept of the one child policy involves flagrant violations of the rights to live, procreate and live socially. In its zeal to implement the policy, Chinese authorities permitted such extreme measures as forcible abortions and sterilization, which were openly illegal in every humanitarian statute (Xue and Xiaokang, 1996). By making childbearing an illegal act, the government forcibly tried to change the demographic dynamics with dangerous social consequences that threatens to create a mundane and homogenous society bereft of any relation except parents and in-laws. Also the one child policy triggered a large number of female-infanticide that threatened to dangerously alter male-female sex ratio in China. Of course the most cruel fate was reserved for those who were born outside this policy, that is the second and third child of the family who were denied any state support and facility in a perfectly state controlled society. In the wake of an economically prospering and comparatively stabilized China, it’s the call of the hour for Chinese government to finally abandon and bury its anti-people one child policy and work on creation of a more informed society.

Business Essays - Marketing Strategy Business - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 22 Words: 6612 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Marketing Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Marketing Strategy Business On 3 July 2006, Texaco Limited became Chevron Limited. But Chevron is still committed to the Texaco brand and the Texaco name will continue to be seen at service stations, on road tankers and on Havoline lubricant packaging. The move is part of a global project to change the corporate name to Chevron Corporation. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Business Essays Marketing Strategy Business" essay for you Create order Chevron is best known for selling petrol and its Havoline brand of motor oil products at Texaco branded service stations. But alongside its top motor vehicle products, it supplies fuels and lubricants to major airlines and shipping customers. It also provides products and services for industrial and commercial use. Marketing strategy I have been asked to produce a plan of a marketing strategy for a petrol station in my local area. As it goes by the name of a big company like Texaco, it doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t necessarily mean that the shop is of the same brand. The name of the store is 24/7. The shop is self employed by one man Mr Patel. The main aim of my report is to research and then advise the owner to endorse a new product(s) to attract potential customers around the local area. I have chosen this local petrol station in particular to focus on as it has promise as well as a vase amount of potential. It has recently been refurbished and now is planning to introduce cafÃÆ' © style food inside the station as this is ever-growing in the petrol stations of today with places like Somerfield and shell offering these services already. This has not yet been inputted into the Texacoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s of the local area but Mr Patel is eager to do something new with his store. The Plan of my strategy for th e store will be that this station will offer food such as, sausage rolls, fresh sandwiches, cookies, pastries, cakes as well as other hot and cold food accompanied by both hot and cold drinks. This strategy will first be recommended to the business and then left with the owner for consideration on whether to input these ideas into practice if they feel it is beneficial for their long term plans. I have chosen to focus on Texaco as it is my local petrol station and I believe in doing this would only have positive outcomes for the business such as higher profits and also word of mouth making them a good prospect in the local area. The station is located in the centre of wood green and has a lot of important links around the area. Nearest transport link Tube: Wood Green (0.36mi, 0.58km) Railway: Alexandra Palace (0.78mi, 1.25km) Airport: London City Airport (9.26mi, 14.91km) Every business, small or large, will be more successful with a business plan. And the key component of a business plan is the marketing plan. A good marketing plan summarizes the who, what, where, when, and how much questions of company marketing and sales activities for the planning year: Who are the target buyers? What sources of uniqueness or positioning in the market do they have? Where will 24/7 implement their marketing spending plans? When will marketing spending plans occur? How much sales, spending, and profits will they achieve? A good working marketing strategy should not be changed every year. It should not be revised until company objectives (financial, marketing, and overall company goals) have been achieved or the competitive situation has changed significantly, e.g., a new competitor comes into the category or significantly different or new products emerge from existing competitors. Although the brand of petrol being sold at the store is Texaco, the shop goes by its own name of 24/7; this shop is independent and is not owned by Texaco. For 24/7 selling petrol brings many advantages such as attracting customers to the store through the Texaco brand. This is good as the marketing side of the store is helped by this. When promoting the store 24/7 may promote the store as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Texaco wood greenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ rather than 24/7 as people seem not to notice this sign as the petrol one is huge. The idea to bring in cafÃÆ' © style food could do wonders for the success of 24/7 in long ter m. The hardest part is to get people to hear about it and take notice and for them to choose 24/7 instead of local competitors such as Morrisons and A1 cafÃÆ' © just a short distance away. This is where the marketing has to be spot on and a plan would have to initially be created. Before you can meet a customers needs, you must first identify what these needs are.   These will differ depending on the type of customer. I have already found out my target market through my questionnaire and my own observations of the store. 24/7 business aims Making a profit Providing goods and services to the local or wider community. Surviving as a business or expanding. Maximising sales or improving the quality of a product or service. Providing a highly competitive service. Objective 1: Making a profit (or surplus) The first objective of any business is to make a profit. Without profit, a business like 24/7 cannot do all that it wants to achieve. Profit is defined as the difference between the total revenue of the business and the total cost of running it. If the business fails to make a profit, it can have a number of serious consequences 24/7 have not experienced high profits as of yet and will be hoping something will happen for them soon. If this does not happen for them, they cannot keep its shareholders happy, it cannot invest in better technology and therefore improve its products, customer confidence in the business drops, and staff morale also drops as they start to worry about their jobs and also worry about being paid in this case only one but is still the same procedure as Mr Patel is very wary about wage prices as he likes to give as little away as possible. It also means that they cannot reward their employees for good work or give money to charities, as that is a good chance to improve their public relationships. Objective 2: Increasing sales or market share Many businesses such as 24/7 strive to be market leaders and will fight very hard to achieve it. Most of them are too aware of the importance of this as the business that does this is best placed to make large profits. A company which has a large market share can mass produce products and can buy products and materials at a discount from suppliers, this is the sort of offer that 24/7 have received from their bagel suppliers and they will offer 24/7 more discount as they order more. This is because 24/7 has remained loyal to the bagel company and never fails to order on a regular basis. 24/7 can then spend more on advertising etc. Once the business has established itself as a market leader, if it ever does, it puts money into investment, product promotion and research and development to keep hold of the status that they have achieved. Market share can also lead to lower costs as if the total output produced increases over time, the cost of producing each unit will fall. The mo re you do something the more experience you get, and so next time it is likely to be better as you can iron out any faults. Subsequently, companies that have a high market share should have accumulated more experience, and therefore companies should try and get a high market share. The best indicator is the ratio of one companys market share to that of its nearest competitor. Objective 3: Surviving One of the main objectives for 24/7 is primarily to survive. The survival of the business depends on it making enough profit in order to make it worthwhile to continue. Many businesses go out of business because they are not making enough profit and the owner/owners lose interest and feel that it is not worth investing more money or putting more time and effort in. You dont have to make a profit to survive; just simply avoiding making a loss can help a company survive but in a business such as 24/7 cost is involved throughout. Some businesses may have to obey new legislation and if dont they could lose favour with consumers then they could also disappear. 24/7 can make little or no profit but at least it will survive to compete in the market well in to the future. Objective 4: Providing services to the community Businesses do not exist just to make a profit; there are other businesses that exist to also provide other services. 24/7 offers a self car wash service for the public to use for free as well as offering free tyre pressure. The local and friendly atmosphere helps the feeling of the area and gives a positive feel in the store. Real Competition Morrisonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Morrisons is a huge competitor in the area and offer a huge edge in competition in their huge establishment. On top of this they have their own cafÃÆ' © as well as a restaurant just a minute walk away from 24/7. Sainsburyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Sainsburyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s give obviously compete very well against its other companies. It has been around for longer than most and in wood green has stood strong and held its place by the top. It offers everything besides having a cafÃÆ' © it still offers a good competing attitude in the local area A1 cafÃÆ' © This is a cafÃÆ' © that the locals love and wouldnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t take it away for anything, the price is reasonable but is still on the higher side of normal by reaching the higher average prices. The locals love the feel of the place and this is a big competition in the area. Other cafÃÆ' ©s have tried to open in the area but all have failed. Morrisonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s are the only ones still standing in the local area. Star Bucks This place has grown ever so quickly in the local area and has offered a good competing wave in the way it has come in and done wonders in the way they have taken the coffee market to a whole new level. The drinks that 24/7 will be much cheaper but wont have the same level of comfort that star bucks offer. The Impacts of Competition With these different types of competition jus local to 24/7 it has almost forced them into making a vital change and into becoming known competitors in the area. Also 24/7 may feel if they donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t, there is only one way they will be heading. The thing is that wood green has almost every thing you are looking for, not just once but many times. The products and services that 24/7 offer has become almost an everyday thing for the area of wood green. Businesses are finding it hard to create USPà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s in the way that there is nothing left to think of whatever competitors are coming up with has already been done in the local area. 24/7 need a fresh idea and need it fast if they are to survive in this area. 24/7 was one of the first stores to set up in this area. The locals love it in a way that they donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t want to let it go but are feeling they may have to. The supermarkets such as Sainsburyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s and Morrisonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ „ ¢s are offering a better range as well as some better offers. If 24/7 have seen the building of these companies but didnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t ever experience competition. I believe competition is good for 24/7 as they would not have changed things as they believe customers didnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t have anywhere else to shop. Now that there is, I believe it can only be positive and 24/7 will build greater and stronger for the coming future. The fact that there is so much pressure to do well for the cafes in a congested area urges the managers of Bon Appetit on to keep working hard and keep maintaining progress to earn sales. Marketing Warfare Strategies There are 4 types of market warfare; this is almost a fight to the top. The way in which business can compete vary and this give an edge as some companies may use different ones to their rivals but when they clash there could really be a battle to becoming a market leader. Offensive 24/7 can try and attack there competition directly by shocking them and winning over customers not just short term but for them to remain loyal and give competition such as the A1 cafÃÆ' © and Morisonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s a run for their money. This could work very well but could also lead to disaster in the way it could back fire and customers may go elsewhere, sometimes even existing ones. They are currently using this style of marketing but arenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t fully emphasising their need. Defensive When businesses such as 24/7 are under this type of attack they usually tend to go into this type of defence as their small backbone may not be able to cope with it. This can be carried out in several ways such as offering a product mix and sometimes even changing the marketing mix. This would include something such as 24/7 offering the goods into the car while people fill their petrol (like a drive through) this is something that any other business would never try at a petrol station but this is what sometimes happened when small businesses like 24/7 are under attack. This tyoe of stragegy intends to keep the level of the business at the one it is currently at instead of trying to increase market share because this could easily cause the decrease of it. Competitive Positioning Strategies This is a way of differentiating and making the offering of your product or brand unique. When guiding the local market to a product that is different and at the same time unavailable elsewhere in the local supermarket sector, it will be easier to acquire more customers and cut short the dominance of the market leaders in the local area such Morisonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Flanking This is a type of strategy that consists at a type of no danger and consequence for the business. This could be something like targeting different markets. I have demonstrated this in the way that I will be recommending that 24/7 target different segments of the markets at different times. This will have no danger as it will not involve competitors and also they may not even see this while it is happening or even happened. Guerrilla Unconventional marketing intended to get maximum results from minimal resources. As 24/7 cannot compete with the resources that their competitors have they can only do with what they have and try build on this. This may be in the form of flyer being posted out around the local area about their recent offers. This is a low budget activity but may have a better outcome than others. Market segmentation Target market Age: The age group in which I will be targeting would be usually drivers stopping off for petrol and maybe a snack. This would mean that the age group would be 17+. This is because this is the legal age for drivers to be on the road. This could affect the performance of the product. This is just most people that would be purchasing these products, but there will also be people that will go in just to shop for their normal things. So this is hard to tell as the audience that would be targeted are the drivers that will be using the station frequently. Gender: I believe that the targeted gender would be male as most drives are males these days. As women would also be driving in and filling up I still believe that the male population would browse more around the store whereas the female population are in more of a hurry when filling up petrol. This is me personally saying this as I had observed that station for only one day but this is what I had found out. Also I had found out that nearly every male has to purchase at least one thing before leaving the petrol station. Social class: Firstly I believe that most people will have own cars, this is an automatic boost in their social class. They must be above the lowest to have a legal car on the road as cars come with many expenses. Also, in general, petrol station prices for their non petrol products are seen as being higher than most local stores. This also affects the social class of the people who visit the stations. Geography: This means where the customer comes from, I believe that this will not affect the target market as all the people that will be buying products would be drivers or general local residents of the area, this area doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t have a population of one race that over powers another. It is quite clearly a multi à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" cultural area and this would reflect on the geography of its customers. The income of the area also has an impact on whether people are even shopping in their local stores. Supermarkets are running this sector by having a branch on almost every corner of every street. Family income Very high Interest in current affairs Very high Housing with mortgage Medium Educated to degree Very high Couples with children Low Have satellite TV Low Here is an overview of the likely preferences and features of the neighborhood: According to upmystreet.com many of the people who live in this sort of postcode will be affluent urban professionals living in flats. These are known as type 15 in the ACORN classification and 1.17% of the UKà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s population live in this type. The relevance of this table is to show the overall income of the area, this has and effect on the way that people spend and to the extent that they do. People in this type are very highly qualified; one in four people have postgraduate and professional qualifications. They work in professional and senior managerial occupations, with many spending very long hours at work. This population graph clearly shows that the age range that is over powering all others in the local area of wood green is the range of 25-29 years of age. This is down to the amount of people coming into the area who are single, own a flat and have a job in the area. Th e advantage of this graph is that it shows me the area of market in which I should be targeting and also the different numbers in ages that exist. This may also help me when trying to differentiate the market at different times. I could target different age groups of the market at various times during the week. Most residents are either young singles or couples. There are very few children and those there are tend to be under five, which suggests that young families move on from these areas. This graph shows the house prices in the wood green area compared to the national average and it is clearly stating that housing prices are increasing heavily by year in this area and is becoming a much more popular area of residence. This could affect prices in general around the local area. I am hoping to differentiate the market at different times. In saying this I mean that I will target different segments of the market during the weekdays, evenings and also weekends. I believe t hat in doing this 24/7 will have the ability to please different markets with for example different offers on at different times. At the moment I am targeting the current market of single males ages 18 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 25. This area of the market is very popular in the local area as shown in the population graph. Product Life cycle Introduction à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" this is where the product has first been introduced into the market, and has not really built up much of a reputation for itself, as people donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t really know about it. Growth à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" this the part of the cycle where the product has been discovered by the public and they are developing a taste for it where sales just keep going up and up. Maturity à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" this is the peak part of a products life, companies try and keep there product in this area for as long as possible as this is where the most sales are achieved. Saturation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" this is when a product may start to lose its novelty value and people begin to lose interest. There are now many competitors and the market is saturated. Declining à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" The final stage in a product life is the decline, this may because the product has gone out of fashion or the novelty has completely worn off, it could be for any number of reasons but the final outcome is always the same, with a decrease in sales. The Boston Matrix is another marketing tool used to help look at the position of the product in the market. Used with the product life cycle it can help to confirm the results. This is the Boston box and this when used in sync with the product life cycle can be a very strong set of marketing tools to define where a product stands within a market. Will be very useful for both me and 24/7 in finding out how successful the product range could be. This The Boston matrix is a portfolio analysis that assists with decision making Stars à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" this area of the Boston box is the high profitability, good market share with a high growth rate. At 24/7 this could be the petrol as people are always buying this and has a high growth rate Question marks à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" low market share in a high growth market, this means that cash in required maintaining or increasing their market share to become stars or they will lose their share of the market. Cash cows à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" these produce a lot of cash and have a high market share but have a fairly low growth rate. This could be things in the shop such as certain things that they may be restricted to order as much but has a high popularity. Probably a food product. Dogs à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" these have a low market share and a low growth rate and need to be withdrawn as they will only end up losing the business in this case 24/7 money. These are the current bagels that they are selling, these are always there and is never sold and it always being ordered fresh everyday. Ansoff Matrix The Ansoff Matrix is a tool that helps businesses decide upon which product to use as well their new market growth strategies. Ansoffà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s product/market growth matrix suggests that a businessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s attempts to grow depend upon whether it markets new or existing products in new or existing markets. ` Different forms of marketing that I will consider for 24/7: Market Penetration is a strategy for growth as it is when a business focuses on selling existing products into already developed market places. 24/7 may sell their new products to the existing market. Market development is a growth strategy where a business tries to sell it existing products into new markets. 24/7 may sell their new range to a complete different market by targeting a new one. Product development is a growth strategy where a business aims to introduce new products into existing markets And the final one is where a business takes a new product and introduces it into a new market. These are the only four types of marketing a product and no matter what 24/7 does to marketing; it will always fall into one of these categories. Marketing objectives These are objectives that 24/7 already have but have not been able to achieve. The new targets have been set and the recommended strategy will contribute into helping the achievement of these. To take a percentage of share in the local supermarkets by the end of 2009 Increase and maximise profits in the same financial year Target different markets for the boost of sales Develop a product mix. Adding the proposed style of food into the store. Product range 24/7 already offer light packed snacks in their store such as well known crisps and chocolates. I believe in adding the warm fresh snacks, it will give them that little bit extra in the selection in what they offer. A lot of people now care about what they are eating and seem to pick something freshly made rather than these so called packed snacks. Here is a range of products that I insist 24/7 input into their local business for the boost of overall sales. Sausage rolls Fresh sandwiches These are some of the products that will be on offer at 24/7 once the equipment has been inputted into the store. If Mr Patel is serious about putting this into his store he will have to do a 2 week training course on how to provide these services himself. Its is a simple 3 day course over 2 weeks which teaches him how to use all the appliances and then he may do it himself of sub contract someone into doing this while he serves other customers. Pastries Cookies Also their will be a self service machine for hot drinks which will give the customers a choice of 12 different types of drinks to choose from and purchase. I have designed a drinks menu for this as a prototype for the business. This is what I came up with: These are the drinks that the customers can choose from and with each drink on the menu come a description of what the drink consists of. Marketing research can be defined as the collection, collation and analysis of data relating to the marketing and consumption of goods and services. Market research aims to identify product development opportunity by providing information about customers as well as their wants and needs. Market research: Should be an ongoing activity. Must be relevant- the information gathered should inform the marketing problems faced by the firm. Information obtained should be recorded objectively and systematically so that the firm can draw on it at a later date. Information must be analyzed and presented so that it can be acted on by management, research and development departments or promotion agencies. Primary research is information which does not already exist. In other words, it has to be collected by the researcher. Most primary information is gathered by asking consumers questions or by observing their behaviour. The most accurate way to do this would be to ask or observe all consumers of a particular product usually known as the population. It is usual to carry out a survey of a sample of people who are thought to be representative of the total market. There are various types of primary dataà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s used by organisations which are listed below. Questionnaires-There are certain features that a business must consider when designing a questionnaire. If it is poorly designed it may not obtain the results the firm or organisation is looking for. This was the type of research we Advantages of interviews that I could have carried out for 24/7 are that Additional information can be obtained through observation of the person The information is likely to be more accurate as you can clarify what the person is saying The questionnaire can be longer than with any other method Relatively high response rates are obtained. Disadvantages are The method is time consuming: this is a major disadvantage as the person might get bored during the interview this is one major reason I will not be using this method. Interviewers have to be trained and experienced, in our young enterprise group none of our member is experienced enough to conduct an interview. They are expensive to do and also analyze There is a possibility of bias in the way the interviewer asks or records the answers to questions. Market research is necessary to lower risk of failure and to refine and acknowledge where and if there is a demand for the product. Market research can tell a business where and how to present or introduce the product to the public. It finds out which people would be interested according to gender, age and socio economic groups. Market research can inform you and businesses of what type of people already use a similar product, this can help businesses accurately predict a good location, where these people prosper, to begin business in. Research objectives Firstly the market research helps a business understand the key features of their needs. To understand the key features of buyer behaviour Characteristics of customers The benefits they seek from the products sold by 24/7 including their new cafÃÆ' © style range. Their attitudes towards the style of food being offered by 24/7 and their views on this. Secondly market research can add to an understanding about the marketing activities of the business and its competitors. How the business is currently attempting to meet the needs of its customers, just the way that the products that 24/7 already offer. The businesses marketing capabilities of 24/7. its customer satisfaction The way competitors are trying to meet customerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s needs. In relation to 24/7 I have already completed my first part of market research by firstly doing an observation and also handing out a collection of 50 questionnaires with valid results. I am going to devise a questionnaire to help my awareness of the current customers and the target market for the business. Firstly I will ask Mr Patel to hand out one of my questionnaires to every customer on a regular working day and as an incentive I have offered a free key ring to ensure customers participate as freebees always go down well with the public in this local area. Advantages of primary research You collect exactly the data elements that you need to answer your research question. You can test an intervention. You cam control the data collection process, so you can ensure data quality, minimize the number of missing values, and assess the reliability of your instruments. Another advantage is that the firm which initially collects it will be the only organization with access to it. Can cover a large number of people or organization. Relatively cheap. Disadvantages of primary research Design problems. Questions have to be relatively simple. Historical low response rate. Time delay whilst waiting for responses to be returned. Require a return deadline. No control over who completes it. Problems with incomplete questionnaires. Questionnaire Here are the results along with the questions. I had given Mr Patel 50 copies along with 50 hey rings and he didnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t fail to impress. Are you male or female? 15 35 Male Female 2. Which age group do you fall under? 8 10 25 7 0-18 18-25 25-35 35+ 3. Your marital status? 10 5 35 Married SingleOther 4. How many times do you shop at 24/7 a week? 3 32 15 Once TwiceThree+ 5. Is 24/7 your local? If not what is? 28 22 YesNo ____Morrisonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s____ Every single person that answered no to this question had given me the answer of Morrisonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s as their local supermarket. 6. Would you like 24/7 to offer cafÃÆ' © style food? 10 6 34 YesNo donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t mind 7. What ethnic group do you come under? 17 11 16 6 English Asian BlackOther 11 0 1 38 8. How do you get to 24/7? CarBikeBusWalk 14 4 10 22 9. What is your prime use of the station? Petrol cigarettes groceriesAll 10. Do you like the location of 24/7? 18 32 YesNo 11. If there was one thing you could change about the shop, what would it be? To have more of a range of products There were many people who had skipped this question as most people only wanted to tick the boxes. The people who had filled out this question, this was the most popular outcome. Here I have analysed a selection of my questions to further the explanation of these. Analysis Question 1 This will help 24/7 when deciding on targeting their products at both genders. Here they will be able to see the percentage of their market on a small scale as well as being able to analyse and target it. Question 2 24/7 will look at this graph and find out the age in which they could rather be targeting than the ones they already are. It also gives them an idea on what products are going to no use and they can also get an idea on what proportion of people and their age shop at their store. Question 3 Here there is area for 24/7 to see who is married single or probably in a relationship, this could help them to also see who has families and may target their market at different times to children as their kids with special offers and rewards. Question 5 Here the store may be able to see how many people that are shopping in 24/7 are actually shopping their consistently. They may already be able to see a familiar face to one that isnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t but they can easily see how their competitors compare to other customers around the area. Swot analysis Strengths 24/7 has a lot of strengths in the way in which the area it is located, transport links, close neighbourhood and also they have the chance of hiring staff easily and get exactly what they are looking for. This is because of the opportunities n the area. They also have low salary coming out which benefits the overheads. They are quick to respond to market changes. Weaknesses 24/7 has missing expertise in some areas such as marketing and planning. The project planning side is also non existent. The workload that they carry at the moment is hard for people to cope, especially with them having such a low employee rate. They do not have high profit. Also they are a small business. They are in need of human and physical resources. Opportunities As many people in the are looking for jobs they are lucky that if they feel the need for a burst in employment, the resources are still there and are offered to all businesses of wood green and Haringey. They could also hire someone to hand out leaflets about offers in store and this could have a positive outcome. Threats These weaknesses allow their competitors to move in and capitalise on these areas. This is also a place that an employee sees as negative with the workload on one person is great. Customers may go and find an alternative and move on and start shopping at a competitor. Overall the threats are huge for 24/7 The Marketing Mix This looks at the four elements consisting of product, price, promotion and place. These are marketing tools that are used by many businesses when creating a strategy. 24/7 will asses the four pà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s and then decide upon which one on more to input when deciding upon their strategy. Now I will go further into looking each tool to see which once is vital into the success of 24/7. Product The new product range that will be offered by 24/7 will give the visiting customers a wider variety of choice when stopping off at the station. This type of range has not been inputted in any other petrol station or supermarket in the local area. This will create a bigger mix for the customers and give them a harder choice when choosing what to purchase at 24/7. These foods will give 24/7 that extra more whet they have been looking for and will also consist of some of the old favourites while still pleasing a new market. The drinks will offer a range of coffeeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s and other hot drinks for customers to enjoy from a easy self service machine that will entice customers into using the store regularly. Price When choosing the pricing for 24/7 ands its new range of products, I have to make sure that I am spot on while keeping its competitive and also reasonable. Just like any business 24/7 has to consider the 3Cà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s when choosing the correct prices. Here is the menu from a local competitor A1 cafÃÆ' ©. Looking at their prices can give me a guideline of margins when setting my prices. These are some of the products that will be offered at 24/7, as well as sandwiches and sausage rolls. These will be compared to competitorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s prices when choosing the ones for 24/7 to ensure that a reasonable yet competitive price is being set. Morisonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Sainsburyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Waitrose Tesco A1 cafÃÆ' © 24/7 Here I have designed a perceptual map and shown the quality and price of local competition in the area. Promotion In this part of the marketing mix I will be looking at gaining awareness of the new product range and the way I will get people to hear about it. One way in achieving this is word of mouth and just making people tell their friends and family about the new products. This is still not enough for 24/7 to promote their new range. I will be making flyers for the business to hand out in the store as well as being inserted in the local newspaper for a small price. This will help the business in achieving its aims. Place This is the end of the chain and is where the customers will actually receive their products. 24/7 already has the store to distribute the products and there will be a new opening by the back of the store offering a drive through sort of procedure. They can purchase the new range through this window including snacks and their hot drinks. Customers will also receive a loyalty card and will be able to get it stamped while buying the products. The more that they purchase, they will receive more gifts, such as a free coffee or bagel. Recommending a marketing strategy I am giving you, Mr Patel, the change to help your business in a way that you havenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t seen it before, by saying this I mean that I have created a new product range for you to offer at 24/7 and use it to your ability. I believe that promotion was the problem in your store and not many people were getting to know either you or your business well enough to use it regularly. I had created a marketing mix and I believe that promotion will firstly boost the sales of existing products. The target market will be interested in what you have to offer and the new style will gasp a breath of fresh air around the area. I will be creating flyers and asking the local newspaper for an add that I can produce promotional activity around the borough of harinngey. Your have been almost throwing away your money on the recent marketing that oyu have been using. I believe with my help and direction you will be maximising the ability of your marketing capabilities along the right tr ack there are many cheap ways of advertising and I believe that in using the cheaper options will give you a wider range of different activities you may use for 24/7. using one main activity and wasting all the money will be very dependant on that one task. I advise you to stop any activities that arenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t working and start fresh. Just because other businesses are doing it and it is working it doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t mean that you should too. Your business is unique to others and will have different marketing techniques. Many businesses use this procedure and fail when trying to make a healthy profit. This introduction to this new range will give 24/7 that extra competing edge that it lacked over the recent years. These strategies will help the business into being well known in the area and hopefully become popular with members of Haringey. 24/7 will now have that extra advantage of a fresh market and will hope to build on these strategies. Bibliography www.upmystreet.com www.google.com/images www.business.com www.morisons.com www.sainsburys.com www.bbc.com Book used