Vancouver

Vancouver Vancouver, city (1990 pop. 46,380), seat of Clark co., SW Wash., on the Columbia River opposite Portland , Oreg., with which it is connected by bridges; inc. 1857. A rapidly growing suburb of Portland and an important deepwater port, it has an extensive shipping industry, many lumber mills, and an enormous grain elevator. Power from the nearby Bonneville Dam supplies its industries; manufactures include adhesives; sheet metal; industrial gases; electrical, communications, and transportation equipment; metal, wood, paper, and plastic products; mining machinery; ships; and clothing. The city was founded by the Hudson's Bay Company as Fort Vancouver in 1825â€"26 (see McLoughlin, John ). After the area was ceded to the United States in 1846, the U.S. army established (1849) a fort there, which remains in operation. Vancouver has an art gallery and a sports stadium. It is also the headquarters for Gifford Pinchot National Forest. Historic attractions include Fort Vancouver National Historic Site (see National Parks and Monuments , table); Covington House (1845), one of the oldest houses in the state; and the Ulysses S. Grant house and museum. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. Political Geography

Creon And Antigone Character Analysis - 1538 Words

The characters Creon and Antigone, from Sophocles’ Antigone, act as cautionary figures for the audience as they warn against the intense belief in and dedication to a single perspective, as doing so leads to a certain lack of malleability that is detrimental to maintaining a fully functioning society. The onlookers of this play, the Athenian people, come to naturally notice the benefits of remaining within the middle ground between beliefs such as those that Creon and Antigone stood for. The unfortunate events that follow these characters actions accentuate the need for balance between the two components that influence societal laws; these elements become understood as the heavenly or divine laws of the gods, and the written or state laws†¦show more content†¦This new leader declares his belief that regardless of the motivation and logic behind a leaders decrees, regardless of its relation to tyranny, any form of objection is unacceptable. In the eyes of Creon a small act of defiance, unconcerned with the reason, is one step to close to total anarchy and destruction of the state. This dramatic emphasis on this ties directly to the decision that Creon makes later on when he ultimately chooses to make an example out of Antigone. Rather than putting Antigone to death in the way that a common criminal would be, Creon states, â€Å"I’ll take her off the beaten track, where no one’s around, and I’ll bury her alive underground, in a grave of stone,† (Sophocles 773-774). Creon finds himself willing to take direct action to bring justice to Antigone and plans to do so in a rather gruesome and memorable way. The authority of the state identifies with the authority of the patriarch. If one is upheld, then the other must be as well. Creon does not know any better than this and discredits all claims that might persuade him otherwise. Antigone portrays the same issue of unconditional support to a specific viewpoint; however, she lies on the side of the argument as Creon. Her dedication to the divine and moral laws that she naturally feels guided by completely take over all of her actions and thoughts throughout the play. In response to the law Creon has made, Antigone argues: I neverShow MoreRelatedCharacter Analysis of Antigone and Creon in William Shakespeare ´s Antigone1144 Words   |  5 PagesAntigone and Creon, the two displayed tragic figures of Antigone, both led themselves to their demise because of their love for themselves and the hate they both share for one another. Antigone’s proven love is of the afterlife while her hate is for her uncle and king, Creon. Creon may share the love of himself, however, it is not quite the same as Antigone’s love. Creon loves to rule the city of Thebes and hate’s Antigone, which is very odd for both characters because they are family. SophoclesRead MoreJustification of Creon in Antigone by Sophocles Essay994 Words   |  4 PagesJustification of Creon in Antigone by Sophocles Antigone is a tragic play written by Sophocles in about 441b.c. The play is a continuation of the curse put upon the household of Oedipus Rex. Sophocles actually wrote this play before he wrote Oedipus, but it follows Oedipus in chronological order. The story of Antigone begins after the departure of Oedipus, the king of Thebes, into self-exile. Oedipus’ two sons, Eteocles and Polyneices, were left to rule over Thebes. An argument over rightsRead MoreAntigone Character Analysis1422 Words   |  6 Pages Antigone, the final play in a series including Oedipus Rex by Sophocles, discusses the ideas of leadership, family, and choices. It features two central characters: Antigone, a girl who chooses to illegally bury her brother, and Creon, a king who decrees the burial of the brother to be illegal. Upon the first encounter of the text, it appears that Antigone is the â€Å"hero† of the play, but on further analysis, one realizes that the tragic hero, as defined by A ristotle, is actually Creon. The ideaRead MoreGender Roles In Antigone1547 Words   |  7 PagesIn Sophocles’ Antigone, gender roles are a major conflicting theme throughout the entire play. The setting of the play was written during the Greek mythological days, around 442 B.C. During these days, men were dominant and held all of the power, so women were automatically treated as less. Antigone and Creon portray the conflicting sides between male and female, and Ismene and Haemon portray opposing sides to Antigone and Creon’s actions. Antigone, Ismene, Creon, and Haemon each show differencesRead MoreAntigone Feminist Analysis1622 Words   |  7 PagesAntigone, a Greek tragedy pertaining to the events following the deaths of Eteocles and Polynices, Oedipus’ sons, due to a conflict over power. Upon the death of both children their uncle Creon takes the throne of Thebes for himself and declares Polynices a traitor to the state and withheld his burial rights from him. Antigone choose to disobe y Creon’s decree and bury her bother. Sophocles’ play has been a long treasure piece of literature throughout the ages; sparking many papers and debates fromRead MoreAntigone : Human Law Vs. Divine Law1418 Words   |  6 PagesNovember 2016 Antigone: Human Law vs. Divine Law The most prominent theme in â€Å"Antigone† by Sophocles is the conflict of divine law vs. human law; it is the driving force behind the entire play. It is an issue of which law is the right law, and if Creon s and Antigone s acts were justifiable. It is also a question of what motivates them both to act as they do and if they were predestined to their fates due to their ties to a doomed family. There is also a significance of which character is inRead MoreBiography of Sophocles Essay1496 Words   |  6 Pagesthe more effective portrayal of character by contrast and juxtaposition; and he changed the Aeschylean fashion of composing plays in groups of three, each of them part of a central myth or theme, and made each play an independent psychological and dramatic unity (Babette 2). In his lifetime, Sophocles composed more than one hundred plays, of which seven complete tragedies and fragments of eighty or ninety others are preserved. Of the complete works available, Antigone, Oedipus Tryannus (Oedipus Rex)Read MoreThe Endings Of Sophocles Antigone919 Words   |  4 Pagesthe endings of Sophocles Antigone and Anne Carson s Antigonick convey contrasting ideas of the power of fate, and its role in tragedy. In Antigone, fate is described as an inevitable, insurmountable aspect of life that cannot be avoided. On the other hand, Antigonick shows fate to be a malleable product which can be controlled by the decisions individuals take in their lives. Through the role of the chorus, the addition of Nick, and the catharses of the characters, Carson shows that fate isRead MoreThe Conflict Between Antigone And Creon1353 Words   |  6 PagesSophocles’ play Antigone told the story of a young woman, Antigone, who was willing to violate the law for her family. In the play, Antigone’s brothers, Eteocles and Polynices, killed each other in battle. Creon, King of Thebes, buried Eteocles’ body because he fought in defense of Thebes; however, Creon issued a decree forbidding the burial or mourning of Polynices, because he had fought against Thebes. While this play’s central plot told the story of a conflict between Antigone and Creon, due to hisRead MoreAn Interpretive Analysis On Conflicting Self Reassurance1337 Words   |  6 Pages Antigone: An Interpretive Analysis on Conflicting Self-Reassurance Antigone is a complex, yet debatable play, written by Sophocles somewhere around 442 BC. Chronologically, it is the third of the three Theban plays, but was the first to be written. In addition, Antigone was also one of the most famous tragedies ever to be written. The setting of the play is set in front of the Palace, Thebes, and Ancient Greece. Though most Greek playwrights were from Athens, their plays are

Humanistic Nursing - 8354 Words

HUMANISTIC NURSING THEORY By: MARY JOHN L. RENONG, RN August 10, 2013 Dr. Loretta Zderad Dr. Josephine Paterson I. BIOGRAPHY Josephine Paterson was born on the 1st of September of 1924 in Freeport, New York. Loretta and Josephine spent their early school years during the depression of the 1930s. Josephine G. Paterson was also learning the role of a nurse as well as work responsibilities during this same time period. She had graduated in August of 1945 with a diploma from Lenox Hill School of Nursing in New York. She finished a couple of years earlier than Loretta Zderad and within a year of WW II ending. Nine years later (1954, August) Josephine Paterson graduated†¦show more content†¦Humanistic Nursing Theory is based on the idea that nursing is an inter-subjective transactional relationship between a nurse and a patient who are human beings existing in the world. The conceptual framework of the theory is existentialism and it presents a phenomenological method of inquiry that can be used by nurses to examine and understand their everyday practice. The theory serves as a vehicle to describe the essences of everyday nursing experiences. It is an inductive approach to theory building through exploration and description. Paterson and Zderad (1988) addressed three central questions: What is the meaning of nursing? How do nurses and patients interact? How can nurses develop the knowledge base for the act of nursing? The humanistic-practice nursing theory proposes that the nurse and the patient are significant components in the nurse–patient situation. The act of caring increases the humanness of both. They both approach the situation with experiences that influence the encounter. Nurses therefore, should consider such encounters as existential experiences and should describe them from observing â€Å"the thing itself,† the phenomena of nursing as they occur in the world. They use a phenomenological perspective as the basis for a dialogue about lived experiences to uncover answers to the questions. The sum total of allShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Hum anistic Nursing1458 Words   |  6 Pagesand effective nursing practice is a combination of art and science. Both the art and science of nursing are employed when working with a patient on their health goals. The art of healing is the communicative and relationship building skills while the science of nursing is the technical skills related to the field. Throughout nursing history, theories have been developed that attempt to explain the role of the nurse. These theories often try to either explain the science or art of nursing. Some of theseRead MoreMaggi s Transcultural Nursing : A Humanistic And Scientific Area Of Formal Study And Practice792 Words   |  4 Pages2) How did you apply Leininger’s theory to this patient situation? Leininger’s Transcultural Nursing theory is defined as a humanistic and scientific area of formal study and practice in nursing that is focused on the comparative study of cultures (Denisco Barker, 2016). Transcultural nursing goal is to provide culturally specific care that is in agreement with the patient’s cultural values, beliefs, and practicies (Denisco Barker, 2016). I would apply this theory during the time with Mrs. HernandezRead MoreEvidence Based Practice For Palliative Care1157 Words   |  5 Pagespalliative care can be directly related to the hospice care. The 76th World Health Assembly emphasized strengthening of palliative care as a global focus. In their article Phillips, and Agar, (2016) review the five practices of exemplary leadership in nursing. The authors believe that World Health Assembly vision for palliative care can be implemented in real practice if nurses fallow those five practices. Each practice is reviewed and explained in this article. The practices identified as, inspire a sharedRead MoreJean Watsons Theory of Caring Essay709 Words   |  3 PagesDr. Jean Watson’s Theory: The Philosophy and Science of Caring â€Å"Caring is the essence of nursing†~Dr. Jean Watson Major Concepts of Watson’s theory: †¢ Main focus in nursing is on carative factors †¢ For nurses to develop humanistic philosophies and value sytem †¢ The caring stance that nursing has is threatened by the demands of the curative factors ( Sitzman, 2007) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- †¢ PublishedRead MoreCounseling Among All Present : End Of Life Care874 Words   |  4 PagesCare in the ICU At bedside, the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Nurse is often faced with a lived experience that is multifaceted and challenging, particularly when the patient faces certain death. ICU Nurses must be present and fully participate in humanistic holistic care encompassing the patient and their family. In 2007, the American College of Critical Care Medicine (ACCM) set out to define guidelines for patient and family centered care. Fifty-three recommendations that include a shared decision-makingRead MoreNursing As A Science And Art1439 Words   |  6 PagesQuestions to answer How nursing considered as a science and an art and discuss how the philosophy of nursing is applied to this definition. There is no contention that nursing is considered both as a science and art based on the dispensation of services to the community and patients. As a result of that, the paper seeks to explicitly elaborate the same by giving authentic distinction of why nursing is categorically classified on the two dynamics with a reflection of artistic and scientific intellectualismRead MoreWhat Makes Nursing A Profession?1656 Words   |  7 PagesNursing is a multidisciplinary profession in which caring, holism, endurance, effective patient care and patient safety are simultaneously executed. Nursing is a unique profession whereby personal experience and a personal philosophy contribute to great nursing care. In this paper, I will review my view of nursing and what makes it a unique profession. Nursing as a Profession What makes nursing a profession? Definition. According to the ANA, the requirements for nursing profession are educationRead MoreMy Experience As A Nursing1274 Words   |  6 Pagesgetting as much attention as that of nursing informatics and the technical skills of nursing; and that is the caring aspect of nursing and caring for the patient. When providing care to a patient population, the nursing professional is not just a tool used to get them from one point to another; yet, they are a fundamental aspect for reshaping the ideology of the patient through education, shared positive experiences and true hands on care (Marks, 2013). Nursing education is to be holistic; which isRead MoreJean Watson s Theory Of Caring995 Words   |  4 Pages Watson’s theory is at the center of nursing beliefs as well as important within the concept of patient centered care. This paper will analyze, evaluate the theory, and discuss an application of the theory as it applies to psychiatric nurse practitioners (PMHNP). Analysis of the Theory Jean Watson’s theory of caring stems from various psychologists and pioneering nurses such as Florence Nightingale. Watson has generated a humanistic theory approach to nursing care, which reflects upon the nursesRead MoreHospice Care : An Effective Patient And Individual Preferences At The End Of Life1185 Words   |  5 Pagesfor end of life. To further nursing education in Universities would need to incorporate this into their curriculum. For example, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) reported there is great need for improving the quality and individual preferences at the end of life. They also reported that the possible impact of the report on nursing home clinicians, patients, and families is great. According to Unroe, Ersek, and Cagle (2015), 28% of elder Americans die in nursing homes, as well as nearly 70% of

Compare or Contrast Free Essays

The City I Love Traveling is one of my favorite activities in life. But the sad truth is that I have only been to one other place besides my hometown Miami, Florida. My first adventure was to a small town in North Carolina called Liberty. We will write a custom essay sample on Compare or Contrast or any similar topic only for you Order Now Compared to Miami, there were many characteristics I was not familiarized with and were new to me. Among the many alterations the weather, the people, and the lifestyle were the ones that caught my attention the most, causing me to realize just how much I need to appreciate Miami. For starters, the weather in Liberty is completely opposite from what we are used to in Miami. Instead of walking outside sweating from head to toe and becoming completely sticky from the humidity, they experience what is known as dry heat. But besides that, the temperature also affects the seasons. For example, in fall, the leaves on the trees begin to change colors and fall off their branches. It’s quite a sad situation because the leaves are drying out, but it’s one of the many beautiful scenes my eyes could capture. In winter, temperatures drop to freezing level and snow starts to come around. People have to wear tons of jackets and sweaters to stay warm. Unlike Miami, the weather is almost always on the same temperature dial, hot. Even in the fall, it still feels like it is summer. People go to the beaches, but never get in since water temperature may be cold because of the ocean currents. In winter, temperatures start to drop, but never to a freezing point unless a strong cold front passes by. Quite frankly, I love it in Miami because the weather is always perfect for many activities. It’s really hard to leave a beautiful place like this. The people in Liberty also caught me by surprise. I expected them to be down to earth and friendly, but I was wrong! The majority of the population included plenty of whites and Mexicans. The whites though, were very racist against African Americans, Latinos, and Mexicans. Their attitudes include nothing of humility because they believe to be the best among all. They were really disrespectful and always looked at others as if they were an alien. In Miami, there is a variety of different people, but mostly Latinos take more than half of the population. I could truly say I feel accepted, because everyone down here usually gets along and typically treat one another equally. Most importantly the color of a human skin or of a family background does not keep you from being treated with respect, and that is one quality I would refuse to lose hold of. The lifestyle at Liberty compared to Miami was vapid. There was nothing to do since nothing was near. Stores were miles away and malls were nowhere to be seen or found. Neighbors were also far apart since people owned acres of land to grow crops or just to have to themselves. Club and lounges were also never heard of since not many people partied or went out to have a good time. Liberty was also a dry county. For instance, on Sundays, they weren’t permitted to hunt or purchase liquor from the stores or gas stations because Sundays are considered to be holy days. Even though it was peaceful and quiet, on the other hand, Miami was always awake with its beautiful beaches and party activities. Stores and malls are just around the corner and they vary. Clubs and lounges are always open even on Sundays and are found anywhere in Miami if anybody wants to have a great time. Miami lifestyle is just amazing and never can get boring and lame. I can always find something to do and somewhere to go to be with friends or even with the family. Even though visiting Liberty was nice, there’s no doubt that Miami is the greatest place to live in or visit if you’re from another country or state. The weather, people, and lifestyle are far from being alike, but not every state or country is the same. I liked Liberty, but Miami is the place I love as the weather is amazing, the people are respectful, and the lifestyle is full of entertainment. Miami is definitely a great place to have a fun time, but if you want to be in peace and independent then maybe you want to visit Liberty. I would definitely think twice about going to Liberty again. Miami is the place I rather be at and never would leave again unless another city is the same. How to cite Compare or Contrast, Papers

The Paradox of Synergy and Responsiveness Essay Example

The Paradox of Synergy and Responsiveness Essay The corporate realm is today made very complex by the fact that businesses are increasingly consolidated and large. This is to say that practices of creating multilayered firms in both the serve and the product industries have created business models that must depend on both large and small goals. For a large firm which holds many different types of operations, making the right decisions for how to best manage these individual units while still promoting a larger and singular identity can be a big determinant of success. This discussion is guided by the concept found in the De Wit and Meyer text, stating that such large firms must deal with the so-called Paradox of Synergy and Responsiveness. According to this paradox, it is a constant challenge for large firms to find a balance between the interest of consolidating its brand identity into a single, monolithic corporate structure and the interest in responding with sensitivity to the needs presented by individual factors. As the discussion and the selected case study example will show, individual factors such as customer orientation, financial performance and industry conditions. In the paradox between these two sometimes opposite demands, companies must often make hard decisions about how to pursue their operations. In the context of something such as the service industry, we can see that the achievement of this balance will be directly related to how a business manages its portfolio of operations. We will write a custom essay sample on The Paradox of Synergy and Responsiveness specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Paradox of Synergy and Responsiveness specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Paradox of Synergy and Responsiveness specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer For the ever-growing service industry, this causes an interesting investigation into the way that unit management can be central to an operation. The approach taken by a company in the hospitality sector of the service industry, for example, should serve as a useful illustration of how organizations approach a market shaped by the De Wit and Meyer paradox. Introduction: In our consideration of the Marriott Corporation, which is an extremely successful service sector company, we can see that the way a company moves its operational assets around will be important to its management effectiveness. According to the article entitled Marriott Corporation: The Cost of Capital, the hospitality industry has been through both very fast growth and very sharp retraction. This has been particularly true for Marriott, which seized on an era of increased tourism and hospitality investment in order to catapult to the top of the market. However, changing market realities and the increased nuance of the hospitality industry would force Marriott to consider altering its corporate structure so it could make a change to a context where it could more effectively approach hurdles distinct to individual divisions. This would be a demonstration of its responsiveness, even as synergy had been the primary guide in its initial growth. The example here, based on the discuss at hand, will remark upon the strategies regarding capital investment, stakeholder responsibility and debt management which would effectively be approached by the corporation in managing its portfolio of units. The primary avenue to be taken by Marriott in achieving the goal of managing its operational orientation would be the creation of a new department with a more refined focus on financial strategies and investment properties relating to the specific aspect of hotel management (as opposed to the real-estate operation) For the stock-holder, this would mean more directed and informed decisions as well as a relative insulation from revenue trends, making for a more stable market in times of real estate instability. Again, we can see that Marriott would be turning toward a strategy of responsiveness. Such is to say that Marriot determined to protect the value of its existing capital by establishing a circumstance in which growth and synergy could no longer be identified as the primary interest. Instead, ensuring the retention of capital at a rate justifying its debt condition, Marriott would being a new phase in its history in which hurdle rates for achieving growth would be purposefully higher. In this way, even growth would be directed from corporate HQ by responsive rather than synthetic origins. In our research, we find that the Marriot transition was not without its costs. These would make Marriott go through some real economic changes that are part of the paradox between synthesis and responsiveness. By being forced to change operational gears, Marriott would experience a decline in earnings during its period of transformation. Due to the debt challenges noted, Marriott’s bond ratings, declined to a B level according to both SP and Moody’s in the face of real estate declines, have resulted in a higher long-term expense on new bond issues for the company. One of the key ways that Marriott would deal with its debt maturities in order to afford the transition would be in its mortgage financing of its ‘trophy’ properties, which were those continually successful marquis lodging facilities there were no longer in any mortgage debt. The greatest concern to manu financial institutions in this case was the condition that Marriott’s heavy dependency on invested debt might create a scenario where it would be incapable of covering its obligations. Naturally, this is a fear which is facing so many corporations on this scale today. That shows just how relevant the paradox discussed is. That is why the Marriott example is very useful, because it would use portfolio management strategies to deal with this financial risk. Marriott would basically create a spin-off in its new management company. A spin-off is the divestment of a company in which, rather than selling off aspects of itself in poor market conditions, it distinguishes one aspect of itself to be set apart as an independent business. This independent business will take on its own structural and financial parameters while retaining branding, technology and, in some instances, access to assets, of the parent company. This would be the essential response by Marriott to the distinct obstacles created by the changing market, particularly in consideration of the corporate retraction likely due to markedly rapid corporate growth. The divestment of the company into management and real estate firms would essentially serve to unlock the company’s assets to the benefit of the stakeholder, with the stock owners particularly served by this approach. We can therefore ultimately begin to resolve that the approach taken by Marriott would be a natural outcome in consequence to its singularly high rate of growth from a synergy centered strategy and what might be characterized as its saturation of its own market. The impact would require a responsiveness in a market approach to diminishing the corporations inherency toward this rate of growth. Though we can suggest that the consequences are likely to be somewhat severe to the organization’s personnel and resource orientation in the short term, it will undoubtedly benefit the value and extent of capital usability for individual facilities, thus improving quality organization-wide. Works Cited De Wit, B. Meyer, R. (1999). Strategy Synthesis. International Thomson Business. Ruback, R. S. (1998). Marriot Corp. : The Cost of Capital. Harvard Business Publishing.

Computer Analysis Lab 2 Essay

Computer Analysis Lab 2 Essay Computer Analysis Lab 2 Essay Janel Paffie TB143 Unit 2 1. Computer Analysis Hard Drive Capacity RAM Processor Speed Special Features Price HP Pavilion Desktop AMD A8 Series 2000GB 8GB 2.0Ghz Built-in Wireless network $499.99 Dell Inspiron Desktop-Intel Core i3 1000GB 8GB 3.6Ghz Built-in Wireless network; Bluetooth; HDMI output $479.99 HP-15.6† Touch-Screen Laptop Intel Core i3 750GB 6GB 1.9Ghz Touchscreen; HDMI output $399.99 Toshiba-Satellite 15.6† Laptop Intel Celeron 500GB 4GB 2.58Ghz Bluetooth; HDMI output $229.99 2. Profession and Computers Movie Maker: This profession requires a computer capable of handling a memory-busting workload. Fast, sufficient memory, and the latest graphics and audio cards are necessary to support the real-time media work. In order to run software needed at a reasonable level, make sure to have a large enough hard drive (over 160GB), plenty of RAM (more than 4GB), and a quality sound card. Professional Gamer: Desktops are the best bet for gaming. Fast processors and video cards consume tons of power and produce tons of heat, which is handled better by a desktop. A quad-core processor is recommended due to the rise of modern games making use of additional cores. For smooth graphics and a more immersive experience you will want a fast video card. The processor and video card are of equal importance. Majority of games will run on 4GB of RAM, but 8GB is recommended. To help with load times, a solid-state drive with over 200GB of storage is advised. Digital

Relative Clauses - Definition and Examples in English

Relative Clauses s in English A relative clause is a  clause that usually modifies a noun or noun phrase and is introduced by a relative pronoun (which, that, who, whom, whose), a relative adverb (where, when, why), or a zero relative. Also known as an adjective clause, an adjectival clause, and a  relative construction. A relative clause is a postmodifierthat is, it follows the noun or noun phrase it modifies. Relative clauses are traditionally divided into two types: restrictive and nonrestrictive. See Examples and Observations below. RelativizationContact ClauseDependent ClauseFree (Nominal) Relative ClauseRelative Pronouns and Adjective ClausesRestrictive and Nonrestrictive Adjective ClausesSentence Building With Adjective ClausesSubordination With Adjective ClausesThat-ClauseWh-ClauseWho, Which, and ThatWho and WhomWh- Words Examples and Observations It is not the employer who pays the wages. Employers only handle the money. It is the customer who pays the wages.100% of the people who give 110% do not understand math.More than 840,000 Vietnamese asylum seekers left the Communist regime and arrived in the countries of Southeast Asia and Hong Kong. These people, who came to be known as the boat people, risked their lives at sea in search for freedom.She had plenty of acquaintances, but no friends. Very few people whom she met were significant to her. They seemed part of a herd, undistinguished.Occasionally Mother, whom we seldom saw in the house, had us meet her at Louies. It was a long dark tavern at the end of the bridge near our school.The fatal metaphor of progress, which means leaving things behind us, has utterly obscured the real idea of growth, which means leaving things inside us.Peace is not merely a distant goal that we seek, but a means by which we arrive at that goal. Positioning Relative ClausesUnlike prepositional phrases, restrictive relative clauses . . . always modify noun phrases. However, a relative clause doesnt always immediately follow the noun phrase that it modifies. For example, if two relative clauses are joined by a coordinating conjunction (and, or, or but), then the second one doesnt immediately follow the noun phrase that it modifies: This article describes features that facilitate collaboration but that are not intended to increase security. Anaphoric Elements in Relative ClausesRelative clauses are so called because they are related by their form to an antecedent. They contain within their structure an anaphoric element whose interpretation is determined by the antecedent. This anaphoric element may be overt or covert. In the overt case the relative clause is marked by the presence of one of the relative words who, whom, whose, which, etc., as or within the initial constituent: clauses of this type we call wh relatives. In non-wh relatives the anaphoric element is covert, a gap; this class is then subdivided into that relatives and bare relatives depending on the presence or absence of that. Sentence Relative ClausesSentence relative clauses refer back to the whole clause or sentence, not just to one noun. They always go at the end of the clause or sentence.Tina admires the Prime Minister, which surprises me. ( and this surprises me)He never admits his mistakes, which is extremely annoying. ( and this is extremely annoying) Sources Henry Ford Demtri  Martin,  This Is a Book. Grand Central, 2011 Tai Van Nguyen,  The Storm of Our Lives: A Vietnamese Familys Boat Journey to Freedom. McFarland, 2009 D.H. Lawrence,  The Rainbow, 1915 Maya Angelou,  I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. Random House, 1969 G.K. Chesterton, The Romance of Rhyme, 1920 Martin Luther King, Jr. John R. Kohl,  The Global English Style Guide: Writing Clear, Translatable Documentation for a Global Market. SAS Institute, 2008 Rodney Huddleston and Geoffrey Pullum,  The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge University Press, 2002 Geoffrey Leech, Benita Cruickshank, and Roz Ivanic,  An A-Z of English Grammar Usage, 2nd ed. Pearson, 2001